军事 > 军事历史
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161024/23807624.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/23 05:34:45

Powered by China
China

欧洲最显赫的哈布斯堡家族为何输给千余瑞士农民

2016-10-24 14:47:01   冷兵器研究所

希德斯瑞之战:奥地利骑枪VS瑞士戟

1376年,德国西南地区的100多个城市组成了施瓦本城市同盟,这个地区性的城市同盟的主要目的是为了反对滥设关卡征税的大小贵族们(哈布施堡家族自然是其中之一),这在当时是非常普遍的现象。作为同盟的一员,瑞士城邦卢塞恩当然很想加入这个同盟,但是碍于三林州的反对而作罢,没有直接加入其中。

但这无疑是一个与哈布施堡家族划清界限的大好机会(施瓦本城市同盟的成立必然会牵扯奥地利人的精力)。于是1385年12月,卢塞恩出兵占领了哈布施堡家族在瑞士领地的行政中心罗腾堡,并吞并了两块原属于哈布施堡家族的领地。当时的哈布施堡家族的统治者之一,统治着奥地利以西部分的利奥波德三世召集了4000由雇佣军与骑士组成的精锐向卢塞恩进攻;而卢塞恩与林州也联合派出了1600人迎战。

对于奥地利人来说,假如他们打输了,不但收复中部高原地区的目的会落空,就连原有的阿尔卑斯山脉区域也会丢失。也就是说,他们会失去从中欧通往意大利商路的南段,这对于哈布施堡家族成为帝国皇帝,乃至控制意大利的目的无疑是巨大的打击。

森帕赫是位于瑞士中部的一个小湖泊,在湖泊的东北方的小村希德斯瑞(Hildesrieden)两军遭遇。从已有的资料看,双方几乎是同时发现对方的,而且对遭遇对方都很没有准备。因为无论是奥地利人还是瑞士人都没有来的及依照正常的办法布阵。

战斗一开始是在奥地利人的两个前锋纵队与瑞士的长戟兵之间展开的。依照当时的军事惯例,奥地利人的这两个前锋纵队应该是匈牙利的轻骑兵或者今天南斯拉夫地区的山地步兵。奥地利人和瑞士人在为了争夺有利的地形——通常情况下是能控制战场的高地或者小山头进行激战。其间,利奥波德三世让自己军队的骑士们下马,使用4-5米的长枪排成密集的横队。

显然他已经从以前与瑞士人的几次交战中吸取了教训:单凭骑士的冲击,是不足以冲垮坚韧的瑞士人;而无论是由封建扈从还是雇佣兵组成的步兵,又无法抵御瑞士步兵的冲击。因此他让自己的骑士下马组成密集的方阵来抵抗瑞士人的冲击,骑枪的长度远远超过了长戟(4米对2米),而当方阵陷入对抗时,他雇佣兵中的弓弩手、轻装兵就可以发挥优势了。如果击败瑞士人,他还可以下令骑士重新上马,对敌人做摧毁性的追击。

上一页1/3下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161024/23807624.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/23 05:34:45

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161024/23807624.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/23 05:34:45

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161024/23807624.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/23 05:34:45

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161024/23807624.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/23 05:34:45

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161024/23807624.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/23 05:34:45

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161024/23807624.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/23 05:34:45

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161024/23807624.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/23 05:34:45

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161024/23807624.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/23 05:34:45

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161024/23807624.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/23 05:34:45

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161024/23807624.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/23 05:34:45

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161024/23807624.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/23 05:34:45

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161024/23807624.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/23 05:34:45

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161024/23807624.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/23 05:34:45

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20161024/23807624.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/06/23 05:34:45

Powered by China
China