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战争是民族和民族、国家和国家、阶级和阶级、政治集团和政治集团之间互相斗争的最高形式;一切关于战争的规律,都是进行战争的民族、国家、阶级、政治集团为了争取自己的胜利而使用的。战争的胜负,主要地决定于作战双方的军事、政治、经济、自然诸条件,这是没有问题的。然而不仅仅如此,还决定于作战双方主观指导的能力。军事家不能超过物质条件许可的范围外企图战争的胜利,然而军事家可以而且必须在物质条件许可的范围内争取战争的胜利。军事家活动的舞台建筑在客观物质条件的上面,然而军事家凭着这个舞台,却可以导演出许多有声有色威武雄壮的活剧来。因此,我们红军的指导者,在既定的客观物质基础即军事、政治、经济、自然诸条件之上,就必须发挥我们的威力,提挈全军,去打倒那些民族的和阶级的敌人,改变这个不好的世界。这里就用得着而且必须用我们的主观指导的能力。我们不许可任何一个红军指挥员变为乱撞乱碰的鲁莽家;我们必须提倡每个红军指挥员变为勇敢而明智的英雄,不但有压倒一切的勇气,而且有驾驭整个战争变化发展的能力。指挥员在战争的大海中游泳,他们不使自己沉没,而要使自己决定地有步骤地达到彼岸。指导战争的规律,就是战争的游泳术。以上是我们的方法。
第二章 中国共产党和中国革命战争
自一九二四年开始的中国革命战争,已经过去了两个阶段,即一九二四年至一九二七年的阶段和一九二七年至一九三六年的阶段;今后则是抗日民族革命战争的阶段。这三个阶段的革命战争,都是中国无产阶级及其政党中国共产党所领导的。中国革命战争的主要敌人,是帝国主义和封建势力。中国资产阶级虽然在某种历史时机可以参加革命战争,然而由于它的自私自利性和政治上经济上的缺乏独立性,不愿意也不能领导中国革命战争走上彻底胜利的道路。中国农民群众和城市小资产阶级群众,是愿意积极地参加革命战争,并愿意使战争得到彻底胜利的。他们是革命战争的主力军;然而他们的小生产的特点,使他们的政治眼光受到限制(一部分失业群众则具有无政府思想),所以他们不能成为战争的正确的领导者。因此,在无产阶级已经走上政治舞台的时代,中国革命战争的领导责任,就不得不落到中国共产党的肩上。在这种时候,任何的革命战争如果没有或违背无产阶级和共产党的领导,那个战争是一定要失败的。因为半殖民地的中国的社会各阶层和各种政治集团中,只有无产阶级和共产党,才最没有狭隘性和自私自利性,最有远大的政治眼光和最有组织性,而且也最能虚心地接受世界上先进的无产阶级及其政党的经验而用之于自己的事业。因此,只有无产阶级和共产党能够领导农民、城市小资产阶级和资产阶级,克服农民和小资产阶级的狭隘性,克服失业者群的破坏性,并且还能够克服资产阶级的动摇和不彻底性(如果共产党的政策不犯错误的话),而使革命和战争走上胜利的道路。
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