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中国共产党领导了、而且继续领导着轰轰烈烈的光荣的胜利的革命战争。这个战争不但是解放中国的旗帜,而且是具有国际的革命意义的。世界的革命人民的眼睛都望着我们。在新的抗日民族革命战争的阶段上,我们将引导中国革命走向完成,也将给东方和世界的革命以深刻的影响。过去的革命战争证明,我们不但需要一个马克思主义的正确的政治路线,而且需要一个马克思主义的正确的军事路线。十五年的革命和战争,已经锻炼出来这样一条政治的和军事的路线了。今后战争的新阶段,我们相信,将使这样的路线,根据新的环境,更加发展、充实和丰富起来,达到战胜民族敌人之目的。历史告诉我们,正确的政治的和军事的路线,不是自然地平安地产生和发展起来的,而是从斗争中产生和发展起来的。一方面,它要同“左”倾机会主义作斗争,另一方面,它又要同右倾机会主义作斗争。不同这些危害革命和革命战争的有害的倾向作斗争,并且彻底地克服它们,正确路线的建设和革命战争的胜利,是不可能的。我在这本小册子中时常提到错误方面的意见,就是为了这个目的。
第三章 中国革命战争的特点
第一节 这个问题的重要性
不承认、不知道、或不愿意知道中国革命战争有其特点的人,把红军对国民党军队的作战,看做和一般战争相同,或和苏联内战相同。列宁斯大林领导的苏联内战的经验是有世界的意义的。所有的共产党,中国共产党也同样,都是以这个经验和列宁斯大林对这个经验的理论综合作为指南的。但这并不是说,我们应该在我们的条件下机械地运用这个经验。中国革命战争的许多方面都有其自己的不同于苏联内战的特点。不估计到这种特点,或否认这种特点,当然是错误的。这点在我们的十年战争中已经完全证明了。
我们的敌人也曾犯过类似的错误。他们不承认和红军作战需要有和其他作战不同的战略和战术。他们依仗其各方面的优势,轻视我们,固守其老一套的战法。这是一九三三年敌人的第四次“围剿”时期及其以前的情形,其结果就是招致了他们的历次的失败。首先在国民党军队中提出在这个问题上的新意见的是国民党的反动将军柳维垣,后来有戴岳。最后他们的意见被蒋介石采纳了。这就是蒋介石庐山军官训练团⑼及其在第五次“围剿”中施行的反动的新军事原则⑽产生的过程。
然而当着敌人改变其军事原则使之适合于同红军作战的情况的时候,我们队伍中却出现了回到“老套”的人们。他们主张回到一般情况的方面去,拒绝了解任何的特殊情况,拒绝红军血战史的经验,轻视帝国主义和国民党的力量,轻视国民党军队的力量,对敌人采用的反动的新原则视若无睹。结果,是丧失了除了陕甘边区以外的一切革命根据地,使红军由三十万人降到了几万人,使中国共产党由三十万党员降到了几万党员,而在国民党区域的党组织几乎全部丧失。总之,是受了一次极大的历史性的惩罚。他们自称为马克思列宁主义者,其实一点马克思列宁主义也没有学到。列宁说:马克思主义的最本质的东西,马克思主义的活的灵魂,就在于具体地分析具体的情况⑾。我们的这些同志恰是忘记了这一点。
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