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美国呕心沥血研制F-111B顶尖舰载机却超重的下场
对于美国海军来说,1965年首飞成功的F-111B实在太大太笨重了。不过这也不能怪他,为将所有先进技术集成到一架飞机上,TFX项目承包商使出了浑身解数。除了通用动力外,格鲁曼、普惠、休斯和其他17个子承包商以及来自美国44个州超过6000个供应商,为了变后掠翼技术、弹射座椅、全天候导航、自动武器投放和低空自主驾驶系统等一系列新技术大费周折。在这种情况下诞生的F-111B,天生就是个“过劳肥”,而且是技术积累相当不成熟的试验品,也难怪美国海军会最终将其呕心沥血培养的“新苗”直接抛弃。
“土豚”难圆海天梦

F-111B
本来,鱼和熊掌就不可兼得。我们反观F-111最初的设计需求,就可发现美国空军与海军的巨大分歧。空军需要的是一款最大速度达到2.5马赫、作战半径800公里、可载重30000磅弹药的遂行高低空轰炸任务的战斗机。而海军只是需要一款巡航时间长,并可远距离发现目标、使用空空导弹拦截目标的空中截击舰载机。这也难怪,当1967年底F-111A在艾格琳空军基地和爱德华兹空军基地进行数项飞行测试,使得美国空军信心十足的同时,美国海军已经从心底将F-111B抛弃。
另一个方面,由于汇集了众多研究人员的智慧结晶,并需要不断在试错中坚持前进,F-111的研制费用水涨船高,从早期估算的450万美元上涨到600万美元。出于成本原因,F-111的采购数量被大幅削减。不想再为后续看似没有终点的改进实验买单的美国海军,也急忙找出了全身而退的理由。
已经研制成功的F-111B舰载机采用2台普惠TF30-P-3型发动机,配备6个武器外挂点,最大速度可达2.2马赫,航程3390公里,携带副油箱后可增加到5150公里,事实上已经基本满足了美国海军最初的设计目标。然而,F-111B的软肋在与其高达35吨的庞大身躯,一旦装载全部弹药最大起飞重量可达39吨,远远超过了美国海军对于航母舰载作战飞机起飞重量不能超过25吨的标准。看来,即使是舰载机,如果过胖、体重过高,最终也是要被“嫌弃”的。
由于机体结构严重超重和预定装备的AWG-9“不死鸟”武器系统交付不畅,即使在1968年7月F-111B完成了“珊瑚海”号航母上舰载起降试飞,除生产了5架原型机和2架生产型F-111B之外,美国海军最终宣布停止发展这一规划中的舰队防空与护航任务战机。F-111B最终也没能实现在航母平台上海天一跃的壮丽场景。
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