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长征五里沟口之战:红军2小时打垮敌4个骑兵团

2016-10-17 13:57:18   

当时,陕甘地区的国民党中央军和地方军阀部队多达数十万,还有被千里迢迢调到“剿共”前线的东北军。蒋介石电令宁夏军阀马鸿逵:“兹令你部骑兵前往堵截,相机包围,予以歼灭。”东北军骑兵军军长何柱国、第37军军长毛炳文也收到了同样电文。

蒋介石的这一部署颇有针对性。骑兵机动性强,适合在广袤的西北地区穿插、冲杀。以骑兵迅猛凶悍的突击能力,对付缺乏重武器、几乎全是步兵的红军,正好以长击短。对于马步芳、马鸿逵等西北军阀来说,追击长途跋涉到“自家地头”的红军,既可以“保土守疆”,又能向蒋介石邀功请赏,算是一笔“好买卖”。

10月18日拂晓,在甘肃何连湾集结的各路敌军骑兵,开始出发追击红军。敌人的“如意算盘”是以主力骑兵为先行,步兵随后跟进支援。一旦前面的骑兵接上火,可先利用机动性与红军缠斗,为后续大部队赶来参战争取时间,以达到“相机包围,予以歼灭”之目的。

为了对付兵力只有7000多人的红军陕甘支队,蒋介石派去执行搜索任务的骑兵部队阵容堪称“土豪”:东北军骑兵第3师(师长郭希鹏)2个骑兵团、骑兵第7师(师长白凤翔)3个骑兵团、马鸿宾第35师的马培清骑兵团,总兵力多达6个团万余人马。其中,东北军的5个骑兵团装备尤为精良,各团均配备1个迫击炮连和1个重机枪连,堪称红军劲敌。

10月19日,熟悉地形的马培清团率先进抵铁边城,距红军仅10余里。对付追兵,最有效的方法就是反戈一击,挫败其作战意图。但当时,红军已是疲惫之师,补给也很困难,西北地区刚入10月就开始结冰,而多数红军将士还光脚穿着单衣。

资料图:反映吴起镇战斗的仿真场景。

19日晚在吴起镇召开的团以上干部会议上,一些干部认为红军刚到陕北,不熟悉当地情况,贸然接敌把握不大,还是将敌人诱进苏区再打比较有把握。但毛泽东和一部分红军指挥员则认为,敌人长途追击也很疲劳,吴起镇地区多山地,不利于骑兵作战。而且陕北有革命根据地,群众基础较好,红军能以逸待劳,借助地形设伏,打对手一个措手不及。更何况,红军长征虽然靠的是“战士双脚走天下”,对于怎么打骑兵却并不陌生。

“2条腿”如何打“4条腿”

之前,红军就和敌零星骑兵部队交过手。10月7日,红军在甘肃静宁县界石堡的青石嘴战斗中,利用地形三面突袭,全歼东北军白凤翔师骑兵第19团的2个骑兵连(另说3个连),缴获军马100多匹及10余车弹药、被服。到达吴起镇之前,陕甘支队3纵队后卫团的2个连和收容队,曾遭尾追的敌骑兵截断。幸亏这2个连里有部分干部团指战员,后者经验丰富,巧妙利用地形阻断敌骑兵突袭路线,在山上居高临下阻击,迫使敌骑兵下马作战。经过一番交替掩护,这支红军边打边撤,最终赶上大部队,转危为安。

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