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中国“驻日占领军”夭折真相:并非因内战那么简单

2016-10-14 16:35:58   孔卫华

这些因素导致蒋介石对派兵驻日一事愈加消极。很明显,中国充其量只是在美国统领下的一个协助美国去进行军事占领的小角色,势必受制于人,和英联邦的新西兰、印度、澳大利亚一样,没有实际的利益可得。蒋介石对此心知肚明,因此,在美国最初提出让中国派出10个陆军师及一定数量空军(总计约在10万人左右)的要求时,蒋虽立即应允,但将数量减少至3个陆军师。继而,美方又提议中国应至少派遣5万人,蒋又以中国抗战损失过大,后勤供给困难为由,继续与美国讨价还价,最终双方达成只派驻1个师的协议。这样驻军数量就由最初美方设想的10万人减少到了1万人。美方的考虑是:在不影响其独占日本的前提下,让中国尽可能多派军队以此减轻美军的负担。二战结束后,留驻在日本的数十万美军归心似箭,然而,他们回国去与家人团聚的愿望却迟迟得不到满足。于是,军心开始浮动,1946年1月,驻太平洋美军举行了大规模集会,要求尽快回国。第二天,美国总统杜鲁门不得不予以安抚,来稳定军心。如果蒋介石派出较多数量的军队来替代美军驻防,显然会大大减轻美国政府所面临的这种来自军方的压力。而中方的考虑则是:自抗战结束以来,国内形势愈加严峻,国、共两军的比例已由18.88∶1降为4.5∶1,国民党军队人员数量上的优势在不断降低。既然要继续剿共,以蒋介石以往的经验,没有绝对数量上的优势是很难实现他的既定目标的。面对此种形势,委实让蒋介石不愿再多派军队去参加这么一个仅具象征意义的占领行动。

于是,当六十七师遭歼灭之后,蒋介石便以内战吃紧无力派兵为由,以博得美方的理解与同情。后来的事实也表明,国民党在内战中的接连失败,导致美国对蒋介石日渐失去信心,不再指望国民党政府在驻日问题,以及充当美国亚洲代理人的问题上能有什么作为。这样,双方就渐渐达成了一种默契,彼此心照不宣。直至1946年11月5日,国民党政府正式向美国提出终止执行派遣驻日占领军计划,至此,中国派兵驻日一事终成泡影。

此外,还有一个更深层次的原因,即“文化”的因素。众所周知,中国在数千年的历史长河中,只有在元代曾经发起过大规模对外侵略战争,除此之外,一直安于固土守疆,缺乏开拓意识。这种民族“固疾”也是导致近代以来,中国落后挨打的一个重要原因。抗战结束后不久,蒋介石在广播演说中既已宣告“吾人应以宽大为怀,勿以战胜者自居”。也就是说,让日本人自己去决定日本的未来,中国国民党政府无意去进行干预。只是在美国的再三要求下,蒋介石不得不象征性地派出一个师准备参与其中,实际上仅仅是出于给美国人一个面子而已。

由此,我们可以看出:一个统一的、自强的中国才是在世界民族之林立于不败之地的根本。一个贫弱的国家没有外交,“利己原则”是国际关系中的不变法则,靠谁终究不如靠自己,这个世界相信的是“实力”;一个分裂的国家只能勾起他国的“窥窃”之欲,给自身带来灾患。中国军队没能踏上日本领土,一雪民族之耻,固然遗憾。但更重要的是:以此为鉴,走好今后的路,才是回顾这件往事的意义所在。(《贵州文史》2008年第4期)

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