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“国民党头等战犯”卫立煌为何1955年突然回大陆?
1933年11月,李济深、陈铭枢、蒋光鼐、蔡廷锴领导的十九路军在福建成立了“中华共和国人民革命政府”,高举“反蒋抗日”的旗帜,和红军签订了停战协定。蒋介石十分恐慌,忙派卫立煌、张治中、蒋鼎文担任三路总指挥,分兵向福州进军。卫立煌行动迅速,很快抵达福建北部,对十九路军形成夹击之势。刚刚成立不到百日的“人民革命政府”由于内部不团结,许多事情还没有商定,就宣告夭折了。卫立煌为了截断十九路军经泉州退人广东的道路,又迅速行军,隐蔽地绕到闽江以南进行阻击。卫立煌在这一内战中又替蒋介石出了大力,受蒋厚赏,他当上了国民党中央执行委员。
“目无领袖”
卫立煌虽因战功卓著而名列“五虎将”之一,但他一非蒋氏同乡,二非黄埔军校学生,蒋氏对他心存间隙,二人并非亲密无间。卫立煌对蒋用人唯亲,凡事以个人私利当先多有不满,而蒋对卫这匹动不动就发脾气,难以驯服的悍马也是一肚子气,二人时不时发生摩擦。早在北伐时二人就产生过矛盾。1925年蒋介石借廖仲恺一案逼走卫的上级许崇智,许的粤军被改编为国民军第一军,卫立煌由旅长降为团长,心生不满,他对许崇智怀有感情,一有机会总想见许,但蒋阻止他俩往来。卫曾对手下亲信说:“如果有兵力在手,非把不讲信义的蒋介石搞垮不可。”1933年10月,蒋介石发动对红军的第五次“围剿”,任命卫立煌为第一纵队指挥官,虽处于最前线,但位居“小委员长”陈诚之下,他甚为恼火,一气之下,回了南京。别人问他原因,他言道:仗打赢了,全是别人的功劳;输了,全是自己的责任。卫也不想把事情闹大,称病住院。探视者络绎不绝,蒋虽有意追究卫的责任,后来也只有不了了之。镇压“福建事变”,卫立煌居功至伟,但事后蒋却把福建省主席一职给了陈仪,省主席一职被视为受蒋重用的标志,顾祝同与卫立煌资历相当,早在1930年顾就当上了江苏省主席,而卫却始终与此无缘,对于蒋始终不信任自己,不予重用,卫心中很沮丧。1941年底,卫去重庆开会,除夕夜蒋介石设家宴款客,请柬送到卫的住处,卫已签名准备赴宴,但倔性子一发作,临时改变主意不去了,只打了个电话告知蒋的秘书,说他要去宋庆龄处赴宴。晚宴原定14人,因卫缺席而变成13人,蒋认为13数不吉利,临时拉了秘书凑数。事后,蒋介石在很多场合谈起此事,说卫立煌狂妄自大,目无领袖,不给他面子。卫知道后也不去道歉。
延安之行
卫立煌有爱国心,对日作战更是坚决。正是在艰苦的抗战中,卫立煌重新认识了共产党、八路军。而其中1938年4月延安之行,成了他思想转变的关键。
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