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孙中山逝世后不久梁启超评价孙:为达目的不择手段

2016-10-10 14:09:17   庄泽晞 澎湃新闻网

国民党的更大忧患,还在于与北京政府的政治分歧。曹锟、吴佩孚政权被推翻后,段祺瑞主掌临时政府,上台后旋即筹开善后会议,连日电邀各省要人来京列席,以沟通各方意见。孙中山一派则不甚配合,提出国民会议与之相持。《益世报》通讯称:“段系政客急进善后会议不遗余力,惟民党重要份子,迄未表示赞成之意,殊属一大难题。”段祺瑞积极向各民党要人疏通,请其“勿再坚持召集国民会议”(《益世报》1925年1月1日)。国民党态度则颇强硬,不仅派员赴各地宣传国民会议,以扩大影响,中央执行委员会更发表宣言称:“废除不平等条约运动,为今日民族求独立解放之唯一途径,乃实现本党政策之第一步与以党建国之第一步,故必以此提出国民会议,任何诬蔑、威胁皆不暇顾。愿同志及国民矢诚拥护。”孙中山秘书黄昌谷且向记者表示:“善后会议但可代表各面领袖式之名流、政客、军阀等少数人之意见,比之由农、工、商、学各团体及全国人民所召集之国民会议能代表真正民意者截然不同;中山先生是否加入善后会议,第一须以病体之能否速愈为前提,且必须以该会议是否确能解决各种纠纷为断。”(《京报》1925年1月6日)面对北京政府的恩威并施,乃至需以中山之病为辞,也反映了民党的应对乏术。

内部方面,国民党也因联俄政策产生了左、右派的路线争执。不仅多有时论“加孙先生以赤化之恶名”(《顺天时报》1925年1月18日),汪精卫、胡汉民、廖仲恺等民党要人更常被断言为共产党人。国民党中反共风潮也因之而起,先有冯自由等人成立“国民党海内外同志卫党同盟会”,意在“防止赤化”,并上书中山,主张凡信仰共产主义者均当废黜党籍。(《晨报》,1925年1月7日、14日)随后谢持、张继等人又对“共产派”提出弹劾,“国民党护党同志驻京办事处”特为此召开会议,“冀全党同志,奋起注意,共图挽救”。黄埔军校中,也有学员组织“孙文主义学会”,进行反共活动。孙中山不期而至的病情,也使这番请形蒙上了阴影,有评论称:“现中山尚健在,而内部之讧争,已如此甚剧烈,一旦不讳,则其分裂,殆为当然必至之事实也。”(《香港华字日报》1925年1月15日)而关于国民党的继任总理问题,在各报的报道中,不仅汪、胡竞争日益激烈,与廖仲恺之间的明争暗斗也多被“披露”,“太子派”的孙科不仅和汪精卫“积不相能”,与胡汉民等“元老派”更是矛盾颇深。此类报道固多揣测之辞,未可尽信,然国民党党内问题难以定夺,确是显而易见的事实,如时论所言:“环视党中人才,实无一人足继孙文者。”(《晨报》1925年2月11日)

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