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解读长征:沙窝会议暴露了张国焘怎样的政治企图

2016-09-28 14:13:25   央广网

张闻天就第一项议程的讨论作结论说:对决议案大家意见无大分歧,同志们也都是一致的,这是红一、四方面军胜利前进的保障。他还说:关于红一方面军,红四方面军的批评是好的,是帮红一方面军来纠正缺点的。但须注意可能发生的不好影响,过分的批评会妨害团结的。会议基本上通过了决议案,并责成政治局常委对决议案进行最后修改。在进行第二项议程时,张闻天代表中央政治局提出一个吸收红四方面军干部参加中央工作的名单。张国焘在“坚决提拔工农干部”的幌子下,提出增加红四方面军9人进政治局(当时中央政治局委员共8人)。会议否决了张国焘的意见,决定增补徐向前、陈昌浩、周纯全为中央委员,何畏、李先念、傅钟为候补中央委员,会议还决定成立由周恩来担任司令员兼政委的红一方面军司令部,由陈昌浩兼任红军总政治部主任,周纯全任副主任。

8月5日,沙窝会议通过《关于一、四方面军会合后的形势与任务的决议》,共分七个部分,其主要内容是:

一、关于目前政治形势的特点。帝国主义更进一步侵略中国,特别是日本帝国主义企图制造“华北国”;中国的经济与政治形势更加严重;国民党的统治日益削弱和崩溃;苏维埃运动在南部中国虽遭受到部分损失,但广大的游击战争继续坚持着,“尤其是一、四方面军两大主力在川西北的会合,造成了中国苏维埃运动在西北开展极大胜利的前途。一切这些,证明中国革命形势的依然存在,证明苏维埃革命并未低落,而是继续发展着。”

二、关于红一、四方面军会合后的基本任务。重申两河口会议决定的北上方针的正确性,强调创造川陕甘根据地是红一、四方面军面临的历史任务,它将“推动整个中国革命前进与发展”。为了巩固根据地,规定了深入开展农民土地斗争,彻底解决土地问题,建立工农苏维埃政权和群众武装,严厉镇压反革命等各项基本政策。

三、关于加强党在红军中的领导。强调党对红军的绝对领导,指出:“没有中国共产党就没有中国工农红军,就没有苏维埃革命运动。”还肯定遵义会议以后“在军事领导上无疑义的是完全正确的”,“完成了党中央预定的战略方针”。

四、关于红一、四方面军的团结问题。强调加强红一、四方面军团结的极端重要性。指出:“目前在红一、四方面军内部产生的某些个别问题,主要的是由于相互了解的不够,缺乏对于红一、四方面军的正确的估计。”并充分肯定了两个方面军的成绩,认为:“一方面军一万八千里的长征是中国历史上的空前的伟大事业”,“最后达到了与四方面军会合的预定目的,使蒋介石等进攻我们的计划完全失败。”而“四方面军英勇善战,不怕困难,克苦耐劳,服从命令,遵守纪律等许多特长,特别是部队中旺盛的攻击精神与战斗情绪,是现在红一方面军应该学习的”。同时也指出了两个方面军的弱点与不足。还强调坚持红一、四方面军的团结是完成创造川陕甘苏区历史任务的必要条件。

五、关于少数民族中党的基本方针。主要是承认民族的自决权,帮助他们的民族独立与解放运动。

六、关于目前的中心工作。提出在部队中进行宣传鼓动、军事政治教育训练、严紧纪律、加紧阶级教育等当前12项中心工作,以提高部队的战斗力。

七、关于苏维埃革命胜利的前途与两条战线的斗争。提出要开展反对“左”右错误的两条战线斗争,特别要坚决反对各种右倾机会主义的动摇,如“对于党中央所决定的战略方针表现怀疑”、“企图远离敌人避免战斗”、“对创造新根据地没有信心”、“对革命前途悲观失望”等等。只有开展两条战线的斗争,才能够完成创造川陕甘苏区,取得苏维埃革命在全国胜利的历史任务。

沙窝会议对于加强一、四方面军的统一领导与团结,坚定创建川陕甘根据地的必胜信心,起了积极的作用。同时,这次会议也开始公开暴露出张国焘与党中央的政治分歧。8月9日,中央印发了沙窝会议通过的决议。

责任编辑:张海潮
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