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日本侵华“九一八”事变:不能不知的8个历史真相

2016-09-18 11:46:28   军报记者微信

九一八事变”后日军屠杀中国民众

对日本的侵略行径,举国震惊、各界愤慨。当时,日本关东军不到2万人,东北军有20万。除有小部分进行军事抵抗外,东北军奉行“不抵抗政策”。事变发生后,东北军参谋长荣臻传达张学良的命令:不准抵抗,不准动,把枪放到库房里,挺着死,大家成仁,为国牺牲。

由于奉行不抵抗政策,日军300人就击溃了北大营的8000守军,9月18日当夜很快攻占北大营,第二天占领了整个沈阳城。短短4个多月的时间里,东三省大好河山沦入敌手,3000万父老成了亡国奴。

“九一八”事件发生后,国民党内一片慌乱与无能。党政军要员发表的谈话、讲演,语调语气多灰色阴沉,或有慷慨激昂之词,也多是空话。当时,蒋介石坐镇南昌,忙于红军的第三次军事“围剿”。9月21日,蒋介石召集紧急会议,商讨对日方略:以日本侵占东北的事实,向国际联盟提出申诉,发布告全国同胞书,要求国人镇静忍耐,努力团结,准备自卫,并信赖国联公理处断。

不抵抗政策造成的恶果,使日本的侵略欲望更加膨胀,肆无忌惮地扩大侵略战争,明目张胆地为其侵略行为诡辩。

真相三 美日曾有“秘密谅解”

李顿与顾维钧

日本发动“九一八事变”,不仅是对中国主权领土的严重侵犯,也是对第一次世界大战后建立的凡尔赛-华盛顿体系的公开挑战。

苏联政府致电中国表示同情,对日本侵犯苏联在中东铁路拥有的权益提出强烈抗议。但与此同时,出于自身利益和在中国东北的权益,为避免与日本直接冲突,“九一八事变”后,苏联政府两次向日本致函表示,对于中日冲突将采取不干涉主义的中立立场。

“九一八事变”前一天,美国国务卿与日本驻美大使出渊胜次达成一项秘密谅解:美国保证不干涉日本在中国东北的行动,日本则保证其在中国东北的行动应限于锦州以北。直到日本侵占锦州,并向锦州以南进犯时,美国国务卿史汀生才照会中国和日本,宣布日本对中国东北的侵略是对中国领土主权的干涉,违反了凡尔赛和约,美国政府对此不予承认。由于没有采取遏制日本侵略的具体行动,美国的这一政策也没有什么实质性的效果。

1931年12月10日,在中国代表一再要求下,国际联盟通过决议,决定由英国人李顿爵士率英美法德意等五国代表组成调查团,实地调查“九一八事变”情况。

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