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揭秘:第五次反“围剿”作战中还有第二个洋顾问

2016-09-07 13:17:19   中国军网

1934年10月,在国民党军第五次“围剿”的重兵压迫之下,红军被迫放弃中央苏区,开始了长征。

反观长征历史,很多人觉得红军丢失中央苏区和共产国际顾问李德的瞎指挥有关,但李德何德何能,可以让那么多优秀的中国红军将领不得不听从他的错误指示呢?如果仔细研读当时的资料,会发现李德身后还站着一个隐藏在历史阴影里的人物,他可能给苏区反“围剿”战略布局造成的问题更大。

他是谁?何以对红军产生如此重大的影响?

五次反“围剿”失败,红军撤出中央苏区开始长征,一路上艰苦卓绝,如果不是在陕北还有一块根据地落下脚跟,后果不堪设想。

这自然让很多红军将领们感到窝囊。

有句话叫做“秋后算帐”,红军也不例外,一路打仗顾不过来,等到了陕北,特别是抗战开始后局势逐渐稳定,这秋后算帐的念头也就越来越强烈了,大家的目标直指一个人,这就是中国名字用“李德”的共产国际军事顾问奥托 布劳恩。

并非每个派到中国的军事顾问都水土不服,造成问题,比如北伐中的加仑将军,始终受到中国人的尊敬。

加仑将军,即布柳赫尔元帅,孙中山及后来的国民革命军的军事顾问团团长,曾在建立黄埔军校和北伐战争胜利中发挥重要作用,给国共两党都留下深刻印象,是最成功的外国军事顾问之一。

大家要跟李德算账是有道理的。自从李德1933年到达中央苏区,由于当时的中央负责人博古没有军事经验,主要作战方略几乎被他一手包办。但这位据说毕业于伏龙芝军事学院的德国人全盘否定了红军此前成绩卓然的游击战术,先是“御敌于国门之外”,后是“两个拳头打人”,最后又来了一个“以堡垒对堡垒”,全都是以己之短击敌之长,修的碉堡据说最大的能装五百人。这样的碉堡让一个营的红军全部牺牲在里面,一个都没有出来,气得彭德怀大骂“崽卖爷田不心疼”。

饶是如此,长征初期李德依然在军事指挥上有着极大的权力,直到遵义会议之后才逐渐淡出了决策中心。

这些都是大多数中国人耳熟能详的历史,李德的“顾问”给红军带来了巨大的损失。甚至说李德等人排斥毛泽东的正确军事方针,导致第五次反“围剿”失败都不为过。既然这样,当然要找他算账了。

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