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日本侨民在侵华战争中扮演的丑恶角色:罪行累累

2016-08-04 11:23:53   人民网

1936年4月,关东军召开由陆军省、拓务省、“满洲国”政府、满洲拓殖株式会社、“满铁”等机构参加的“第二次移民会议”,制定《满洲农业移民百万户移住计划表》,计划20年内(1937年至1956年)将100万户(约500万日本人)移居中国东北建立“日满不可分的”、以大和民族为核心的人口结构。新任关东军司令官南次郎表示坚决实行日本移民政策,指令关东军制定《二十年百万户移民计划》。1936年8月25日,该计划被日本广田弘毅内阁正式通过,并被列为日本“七大国策”之一。1939年12月,《满洲开拓政策基本要纲》作为日本对伪满移民政策的“最高法典”正式出台,日本对中国东北的移民正式法制化。

随着日本对华侵略的推进,日本移民 也跟着延伸,日军每占领一地,形形色色的日本人便随着日军军事进攻和殖民统治延伸到那里,广大沦陷区日本人与日俱增。

为配合其军事征服和移民侵略,日本十分重视舆论宣传,不断抛出“人口过剩说”“民族生存说”“特殊权益说”等言论,为其侵略行径辩护,对内欺骗民众进行动员,对外混淆国际视听。早在二十世纪三四十年代,西方知识分子就对日本侵华“人口过剩说”给予了有力驳斥。可见,“人口问题”是日本对华进行侵略与移民的推托之词,不过是假借人口过剩问题以减轻或掩饰其侵略罪恶。

日本实施北平移民政策的分期与举措

近代日本向北京(平)移民可分为四个阶段。

缓慢发展期(1897—1931):日本侨民开始零星渗入北京(平)

1871年7月29日,中日签订《中日修好条规》,成为近代中日两国外交的开端,允许日本商人在指定口岸地居住。自此,日本人开始进入华北,但主要集中在沿海港口城市天津、青岛等地,北京很少。1894年中日甲午战争爆发,中国战败。日本南占台湾,北霸朝鲜,筑好日后进军中国东北的跳板。来北京的日本人逐渐增多,但以男性为主,至1897年北京有日本侨民27人,男性有23人,女性仅4人,这一时期的日本人在北京主要还是以公务、经商为主,还不是以家庭为单位的长期居住。进入20世纪,日本对华推行“大陆政策”,鼓励国民移居中国。特别是《辛丑条约》签订后,划定北京东交民巷为使馆区,更为日本人到北京来提供了便利。1901年,北京日侨增加到172人,男性165人,女性7人;1903年,增长到524人,其中男性356人,女性168人,以家庭为单位侨居北京的日本人逐渐增多。

1906年,日本开始策划向中国东北地区大规模移民,来华日本人以通商口岸或者东北为跳板,逐步向华北渗透,以各种职业为掩护的日本间谍、日本浪人进入北京。这一时期的日本移民,还未形成规模,只是零星渗入,但日侨已经开始占据北京外侨人口的多数。1928年北京(平)日本侨民1099人,约占北京(平)全部外侨总人数的42.7%。之后,北平日侨人数波动不大,如1929年1019人,1930年998人,1931年974人。

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