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越战苏联叛徒轰炸“胡志明小道”内幕被披露

2016-07-18 14:25:49   上海译报

不过,第66中队在北越上空的飞行可谓步步惊雷。北越防空部队有赖苏联的大力援助,不断给美机造成重大杀伤,特别是苏联持续向北越军供应先进的地空导弹,击落2000多架美机。但奥列格和第66中队是幸运的,他们驾驶的飞机一次也没有被击中,战后奥列格被授予“空军十字勋章”。1968年6月15日,奥列格完成了平生中最可怕的一次飞行——向美国本土运送一批特殊的士兵,他们全是被战争逼疯的精神病患者,由于长期生活在恐怖的战斗环境下,导致精神崩溃。

“溪山死刑犯”

怖的战斗环境下,导致精神崩溃。除了空军,参加越战的乌裔.美国人主要集中在海军陆战队和空降兵,他们往往被派到最危险的地段值勤。1968年初,在分割南北越的“17度线”要点溪山,北越军和美国海军陆战队展开震惊世界的攻防战。1月21日,北越军开始压缩溪山外部的包围圈,并用大口径火炮轰击,守卫溪山的美军都是百里挑一的精兵,乌裔美国人弗拉基米尔·斯捷潘尼亚科中士就是其中之一,此前他是美军第2空降旅派驻南越军队的顾问。

到3月初,北越军成功将地道挖到美国守军的阵地附近,每天晚上都有一群北越士兵通过地道接近美军战壕,随后就在黎明前发起突然袭击,让睡梦中的美国人在清醒与迷蒙之间死去。利用这种办法,北越军成功蚕食了溪山多数阵地,每一名在溪山战斗的美军士兵都感觉自己像被判了死刑的犯人,终日等待临刑的那一刻。相比之下,斯捷潘尼亚克是幸运的,他因在战斗中受伤而被美军直升机转送到西贡治疗。几个月后,美国人终于放弃了溪山,它的陷落是美军战史上最惨烈的一场悲剧。

对年轻的斯捷潘尼亚克来说,溪山不是他唯一的地狱。他仅在西贡美军医院呆了三天,就申请前往顺化,去参加那里发生的血战。顺化之战的惨烈程度远超溪山,因为双方在城区里短兵相接,往往隔一面墙就是敌人的枪口,而且北越军和南越游击队员作战时异常勇敢,令美军为夺取一处废墟都得付出巨大伤亡。在顺化巷战的最后几天里,潘捷斯尼亚克都随身携带一面乌克兰民族旗帜,他告诉战友,如果自己死了,一定要将这面旗帜盖在他的尸体上。不过,斯捷潘尼亚克最终还是活着离开了越南。

乌克兰炮灰

经过溪山和顺化两战,美国国内要求从越南撤军的呼声越来越高,公众无法接受一个个活生生的子弟兵躺在冰冷的锌制棺材里回国。1968年10月31日,美国总统约翰逊宣布停止对北越的空袭行动,次年,他的继任者尼克松宣布从越南撤军的命令。然而尼克松在撤军的同时,打算铲除北越军在南越及其周边邻国柬埔寨、老挝的军事基地,从而确保南越政权在美军离开后仍能存活。

1970年5月1日,美军借口“协助柬埔寨驱逐北越武装分子”,悍然从南越进人柬埔寨,白宫为这一点燃新战火的行动取了颇为堂皇的名字——“绝对胜利”。但美军遭到柬人民武装和北越军的顽强抵抗,此外从“胡志明小道”南下的北越军也积极在南越各个战场上发起攻击,拖累了美军增援部队。最终,“绝对胜利”变成“绝对失败”,柬埔寨的北越军基地没有被摧毁,反倒是美军死伤累累,其中美军第82空降师中士列辛斯基成为最后一名死在东南亚战场的乌克兰人,他也为乌克兰炮灰在这片遥远土地上的战争冒险画上悲剧性的句号。

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