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越战苏联叛徒轰炸“胡志明小道”内幕被披露

2016-07-18 14:25:49   上海译报

越南战争期间,由于国内反战势力强大,美国国防部不得不千方百计地搜罗炮灰,许多流亡美国的乌克兰人自愿到越南去“杀人越货”。最近,俄罗斯《独立军事评论》披露了这段神秘往事。

“布利巴建议”

二战期间,纳粹德军占领苏联加盟共和国乌克兰,为与苏军作战,1944年6月,希特勒允许向敌视莫斯科的乌克兰民族主义者提供武器,还责成党卫军头子希姆莱组建第14武装掷弹兵师(又称“加利西亚师”,该师成员大多来自反苏情绪浓烈的西乌克兰加利西亚地区。在随后的作战中,加利西亚师自愿为德军断后,结果在日托米尔战役中被苏军重创,被俘人员均以“叛国罪”处决。1945年德国投降后,数千名加利西亚师残兵败将逃到盟国占领区,美国出于对抗苏联的考虑,拒绝向苏方遣返这些“纳粹余孽”。

这些乌克兰人大多被安置在美国东海岸各州,他们与美国各类反共组织关系莫逆,鼓吹西方世界团结起来,“发起一场毁灭共产主义的圣战”,而1964年爆发的越南战争被他们视为“圣战”的前奏。就在同年8月美国国会做出派兵参战的决议后不久,美籍乌克兰人社团“乌克兰人民联盟”头目布利巴向美国国防部长麦克纳马拉提出申请,打算在美军中成立一个“乌克兰军团”,成员来自加利西亚师老兵以及老兵的儿孙辈。布利巴甚至为这支部队想好了名字,叫“扎波罗热营”,取自16~18世纪为摆脱波兰王国统治而战的乌克兰哥萨克武装,新的“扎波罗热营”将以乌克兰传统的黄蓝旗帜作为引导,希望在越南同共产党人血战。但聪明的麦克纳马拉否决了这一申请,他担心让那些“纳粹余孽”重上战场,会让美国在世界舆论面前名誉扫地。

“哥萨克雄鹰”

虽然布利巴的计划落空了,但仍有不少乌克兰移民通过各种方式加人美军,并被派到越南。1966年,美国空军第“战斗机中队补充了大量新飞行员,他们全是乌克兰裔的大学生,一时间,乌克兰语和俄语取代英语,成为该大队的工作语言。出于便于指挥的考虑,美国空军批准乌裔美国人斯捷潘·奥列格上校出任第66中队指挥官,此人还是“乌克兰人民联盟”的委员,奥列格允许乌裔飞行员给座机侧面涂上特有的“扎波罗热三又戟”标志,就位于“66S”(第66中队的英文缩写)标志的旁边,中队的绰号也被定为“哥萨克雄鹰”。

1966年,第66中队开赴越南战场。4月25日,该中队的F-105战斗轰炸机奉命前去轰炸越南民主共和国(北越)首都河内,因为美军认为北越在那里集结了大量准备南下支援南越游击队的正规军。行动中,奥列格率领机群像阅兵一样,强行突破北越军的防空火力,将炸弹倾泻在河内头上,炸死了100多人。几天后,他们又轰炸著名的“胡志明小道”,使这条连结北越和南越的军事交通线瘫痪多天。越战中,第“中队共完成5552架次飞行,是美军中唯一同时参加过空袭河内和海防的空军部队。

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