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FBI与CIA暗战七十年:1963年酿肯尼迪遇刺悲剧

2016-07-07 13:49:22   人民网

诺申科称,他能提供刺杀案的重要信息,刺杀肯尼迪的凶手李·奥斯瓦尔德曾受克格勃监视,但克格勃从未试图招募他。这一问题很关键,因为克格勃同奥斯瓦尔德的交往可能暗示苏联卷入刺杀事件。这时,联邦调查局控制着的代号“费多拉”的叛逃人员证实了诺申科的说法。但复杂的是,“费多拉”最终被视为是为苏联工作的双料间谍,而且中情局进行的两次测谎都证明诺申科在奥斯瓦尔德一事上撒谎。由此,两大机构就苏联叛逃人员的忠诚发生冲突。联邦调查局认为诺申科说的是真话,而中情局确信他通过撒谎来保护莫斯科。

中情局接着又通过力挺另一名苏联克格勃叛逃人员戈利岑相抗衡,后者指控诺申科是莫斯科安插的特工。1970年,“诺申科-戈利岑冲突”达到顶点时,胡佛打电话给尼克松总统,问他如何看待联邦调查局从奥列格·利亚林(在伦敦活动的一名克格勃人员)处获取的报告,尼克松答说从未收到过报告。胡佛这才发现,中情局反间谍处竟然宣称那些是假情报,扣下了它们。胡佛极其愤怒。要知道,十年来中情局一直在贬低整个联邦调查局的信息来源。

“水门”祸及CIA

联邦调查局和中情局间的微妙关系在“水门事件”中也得到凸显。1972年6月,“水门事件”发生,尼克松试图阻止FBI对该事件进行深入调查,但遭到拒绝。这时紧张气氛也笼罩着中情局,因为白宫顾问约翰·迪安告诉中情局副局长,闯入水门大厦的人中,多数与中情局有瓜葛。为脱开干系,中情局局长赫尔姆斯指示招待处长科尔比不要主动说什么,无论在法律上还是道德上,中情局都没义务向FBI提供这类情报。这时胡佛已经去世,FBI代理局长格雷直接找上门,询问闯入水门是否是中情局的某项行动计划。赫尔姆斯自然一概否认。

尼克松方面得知FBI怀疑中情局后,建议借助中情局的力量,用“国家安全”的名义去阻止FBI。赫尔姆斯不想违背白宫指示,又不愿承担责任,于是告诉副手,提醒格雷注意两局达成的分工协议,根据协议,如果调查涉及中情局的人,请他们打个招呼。FBI不久便表示不能继续信守协议,除非对方正式发函,但赫尔姆斯不愿意留下白纸黑字的证据。于是格雷直接打电话到白宫:“总统先生……您的下属正在利用中情局和联邦调查局,并在中情局对联邦调查局想调查的人表示关切或不关切问题上制造混乱。”尼克松沉默片刻后说:“你继续大胆地进行调查吧。”

后来“水门事件”真相大白,尼克松下台,中情局被指为成为一党一人的工具。那时的赫尔姆斯已是驻伊朗大使,他不断飞回华盛顿作证。他不承认有罪,并信守不透露中情局秘密的誓言,被称为“守口如瓶的人”。1977年11月4日,他被指控犯有伪证罪而判处缓期徒刑两年,罚款2000美元。这对他来说无疑是一种羞辱。

进入20世纪90年代,中情局和联邦调查局内部分别出现的间谍案进一步恶化了双方的关系,致使联络出现问题,最终造成导致“9·11事件”的情报失误。至今,中情局人员仍然被联邦调查局视为知识分子、喝着葡萄酒、抽着烟斗、有时很冷淡的人,中情局则将联邦调查局人员看成抽雪茄、喝啤酒、敲门的警察。有美国媒体形容称,这真是一对“糟糕的朋友”。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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