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古巴导弹危机:苏联“情报英雄”当美苏传声筒

2016-06-28 14:16:40   人民网

50年前的古巴导弹危机中,美苏两国的核对抗几乎把世界拖入灾难的深渊。鲜为人知的是,在那场扣人心弦的对抗前后,美苏最高领导人之间其实一直存在着一条秘密“热线”,这个联络渠道被认为在那场危机从产生到结束的整个过程中起到不小作用,而肩负这一重任的是一名叫博利沙科夫的苏联“格鲁乌”(总参谋部情报总局)特工。

与美国“二号”人物建立联系

博利沙科夫出生于1922年,1942年开始情报生涯,并经历了卫国战争的洗礼。1951年,他首次被派往美国执行任务,以塔斯社驻联合国记者的身份作掩护。8年后,已是“格鲁乌”上校的博利沙科夫再次赴美,掩护身份是英文杂志《苏联》的副主编(该杂志由苏联驻美使馆主办)。他很快以俄罗斯人的真诚与豪放赢得美国政界、新闻界和文化艺术界的好感,与《纽约每日新闻》报社的名记者霍尔曼更是亲如一家。

1961年4月29日,霍尔曼向博利沙科夫建议,如果他能与肯尼迪总统的弟弟、司法部长罗伯特·肯尼迪建立联系并从那里获取信息,估计会对他的前途大有裨益。但由于直接领导持否定态度,博利沙科夫次日通知霍尔曼他不能与提议对象会晤。然而,在5月9日苏联人的二战胜利日这天,霍尔曼还是促成了博利沙科夫与罗伯特的首次交谈。

罗伯特对博利沙科夫说,“我哥哥认为,我们两国之间关系紧张主要是由于互不了解,不能正确解释对方的意图和行动而产生的。”他说:“现在我们不打算重复过去的错误。我们理解,不论是你们,还是我们,都不愿意首先按动核按钮。”交谈结束时已近晚上11时,但博利沙科夫彻夜未眠。他深知,他这样做已经跨越了情报界的金科玉律———对身份的保密。次日,会晤报告发往莫斯科。经逐级汇报,赫鲁晓夫了解到这一特殊事件。当时,来自美国的政治情报处于“饥饿”状态,美国“二号”人物提出的建立非正式联络渠道的建议,正中克里姆林宫下怀。1961年5月16日,苏共中央政治局会议专门审定了建立赫鲁晓夫-博利沙科夫-肯尼迪密线的重大问题。

博利沙科夫开始按照莫斯科的指令明确开展工作。当年6月的维也纳峰会前几周,他与罗伯特的见面十分频繁。同年秋天,博利沙科夫陪同一个苏联代表团访问白宫时,肯尼迪总统突然走向他,拉着他的胳膊来到大厅。总统说,感谢他在维也纳会晤前夕的操劳……如果苏联方面不反对的话,今后将继续通过他与赫鲁晓夫联络。但按“职位”,博利沙科夫只是整个苏联驻美大使馆67人中的第40名。

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