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毛泽东和周恩来为什么会想到林彪?因为林彪是第四野战军司令员,时任中南局第一书记、中南军区司令员兼政治委员、中南军政委员会主席。组建东北边防军时抽调的大多是原四野的部队,他本人也参与了东北边防军的组建工作,由他指挥作战比较顺当。更重要的原因,是毛泽东和周恩来都认为,林彪在军事上是有才干的。长期革命战争的考验证明:林彪很会打仗,而且,在解放战争中,林彪又以善于打硬仗、大仗而闻名。军队中当时就对林彪有“三大战役有其二”(指林彪参加指挥了辽沈、平津两大战役),“渡江战役有其半”(指林彪在渡江战役中指挥了西线军队过江)之说。同时,林彪很受毛泽东的赏识,毛泽东对林彪有过这样的评价:林彪打仗又狠又刁。当时,毛泽东和周恩来的另一个考虑是:出兵朝鲜肯定要与朝鲜领导人和苏联军事顾问配合行动,林彪在东北期间,曾经和朝鲜党领导人共同作战,许多朝鲜人民军的高级将领,曾经是林彪的部下。林彪在苏联治病期间,和苏联军队的高级将领关系很好。毛泽东和周恩来还有一个考虑就是:抗美援朝,必定要在冬季作战,而林彪在东北时,有指挥大部队冬季作战的经验。总之,毛泽东和周恩来当时是瞩目于林彪的,认为林彪是最合适的率兵入朝的人选。
毛泽东就拟派林彪赴朝指挥作战一事,曾与中央书记处的几位书记谈起,中央书记处的几位书记也都赞成。中央也曾在一定范围内酝酿过。毛泽东经与主持中央军委日常工作的周恩来商议后,有意识地让林彪多接触些关于东北边防军出国作战的准备情况和来自朝鲜战场的信息。其他中央领导,如军委副主席彭德怀、代总参谋长聂荣臻、国家副主席高岗、政务院财经委员会副主任薄一波等人都知道此事。但中央没有正式讨论过这件事,也没有为此做出过正式决定,自然,也没有与林彪正式谈过这件事。9月15日,美军在仁川登陆,朝鲜人民军陷入被动局面,美军趁机加速向朝鲜北方推进,美国的侦察飞机已经飞入我国东北地区上空进行侦察,显然,中国国家安全受到了威胁。毛泽东认识到了派兵入朝的迫切性,他指示东北边防军加快出兵朝鲜的步伐。同时,毛泽东也不能不考虑要最后确定率志愿军入朝作战的主帅人选了。
林彪不同意中国出兵朝鲜
但是,毛泽东显然已经考虑到了林彪的身体情况,他并没有直接向林彪下命令让他赴朝率兵作战,而是先就中国出兵朝鲜问题,征求林彪的意见。1950年9月下旬,毛泽东和林彪曾就中国派兵入朝参战等问题作过一次长谈。在这次长谈中,林彪十分坦率地向毛泽东讲了自己对于派兵入朝作战的不同意见。林彪是从中国国内情况和军事力量两个方面谈自己的意见的,他认为,我们国内战争刚刚结束,各方面工作都未就绪。美国是最大的工业强国,军队装备高度现代化,一个军就有各种火炮1500门,而我们一个军只有36门。美国有强大的空军和海军舰艇,而我们海、空军才刚刚开始组建。他认为在敌我装备极为悬殊的情况下,如若贸然出兵,必然引火烧身,后果不堪设想。他的意见是,中国可以派出重兵在东北驻扎,一方面保卫中国边境,另一方面可以作为朝鲜人民军的战略支持力量,而朝鲜人民军在目前情况下,应该转而采取游击战方式,与美国军队继续作战。
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