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红军长征:中共能突围因国民党“放水”?

2016-05-31 15:31:46   华声在线

红军长征

就当年的结果看,长征时期国民党的“放水”举动都达到了自己的目的,尤其是蒋介石,趁追击之机兵不血刃进入大西南,并使红军陷入长途跋涉的困境中,堪称神来之笔。不过,让蒋介石始料未及的是,历史后来和他开了一个大玩笑,这样一个当时看来英明神武的决策,却埋下日后败走麦城的种子

放水长征路

仔细回溯中央红军长征的过程,或会发现,长征进军伴随着对手方的“放水”。影响最大、最需要发挥想象力的是蒋介石的“放水”。

在人们印象中,蒋介石一贯视中共为心腹之患,必欲去之而后快。固然,不能说这种说法没有根据,但政治人物的复杂常出乎普通人想象。比较早提到蒋介石在红军西进时有意放水的是蒋纬国。

晚年,他在口述自传中谈及这段历史时称:“从整体来看,当时与其说是没有包围成功而被中共突围,不如说是我们放水。”“以当时的情况来说,这是一个非常成功的政治战略,我们随共军进入云贵川,使中国达成真正的统一。”蒋介石当年在江西究竟有没有放水,想要提出确凿证据恐怕比较困难,这样的事情不太可能留下直接凭证。但从蛛丝马迹中顺藤摸瓜,还是可以发现一些线索。

第五次“围剿”,蒋介石在东南北三面展开对红军的围困,西面赣州方向却始终未布置有力部队,这固与赣州一带临近广东、湖南的特殊地缘政治相关,但蒋的无所作为仍让人印象深刻。随着“围剿”深入,西线赣州方向地位日显重要,早在1934年5月,蒋介石已经判断:“赣南残匪,将必西窜。”6月,陈诚建议加强西线兵力。9月底、10月初,何键、白崇禧相继提醒蒋加强西路兵力,防止中共主力西进。但这些急如星火的建议在蒋这里均未得到认真回应,除象征性要求加强构筑碉堡工事外,未有任何实际动作。

顺水推舟

蒋介石这种明显违背军事常识的做法,动机十分可疑。事实上,他在这一段时间的日记中,记录下对中共真实心理的蛛丝马迹。9月6日,日记写道:“预定:一、进剿至石城、宁都与长汀一线,当可告一段落,以后即用少数部队迫近,与飞机轰炸当可了事。二、用政治方法招降收编,无妨乎。”当中共尚有数万大军时,蒋介石却已在准备收兵,此中奥妙,或许真如蒋纬国所言,他已经在准备迫走而不是消灭红军。

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