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中印之战:张国华为何称“根本不要考虑伤亡”

2016-04-22 14:40:29   人民网

当雷英夫讲到一些部队避免冲突的困难和一线指挥员的要求时,毛泽东摁灭了烟蒂,插话说:“我们有些同志打了几十年的仗,可还不懂得一个起码的道理:两军的边防战士一天到晚鼻子对着鼻子站在那里,手里都拿着枪,一扣扳机,子弹就会打死人,冲突怎么能避免呢?”因此,他提出实行隔离政策,双方各自后撤20公里,如印方还不干,我单方后撤。

根据毛泽东的提议,在这次杭州会议上,中央确定了避免边界冲突的隔离政策。

1959年11月7日,周恩来总理代表中国政府致函印度总理尼赫鲁,建议两国武装部队立即从实际控制线各自后撤20公里,脱离武装接触,同时建议两国总理尽快举行会谈。

但是,印度总理尼赫鲁竟拒不接受,反而认为中国软弱可欺,加剧了在中印边境进行的武装挑衅。在尼赫鲁拒绝中方建议之后,为了两国的共同利益和亚洲及世界的和平,毛泽东决定:中国部队单方面从中印边境后撤20公里。

1960年1月,中方又下令采取了一系列非常措施,即在我方实际控制线20公里内不开枪,不巡逻,不平叛,不打猎,不打靶,不演习,不爆破;对前来挑衅的入侵印军,先提出警告,劝其撤退,劝阻无效时,才依照国际惯例解除其武装,经说服后,发还武器,让其离去。

中国军队的这一系列措施,在国际舆论界反响强烈,普遍认为中国军队所具有的忍耐和克制,是着实让人惊叹的。

自从中国政府单方面命令军队后撤20公里,已快两年了。两年来,印度军队不仅没有丝毫收敛,反而变本加厉地向中国境内进攻。1960年4月,周恩来飞赴新德里,同尼赫鲁举行边境问题高级会谈,尼赫鲁态度无丝毫转变,再次向中国提出领土要求。那是125万平方公里相当于一个福建省大小的中国领土啊,中国政府岂能拱手相让?1961年,中国政府多次向尼赫鲁提出和谈建议,并实行隔离政策,均被一一拒绝了。进入1962年,局势越发紧张起来。

6月,印度军队加快了武装入侵中国的“推进”速度,东段已越过麦克马洪线,进入西藏山南的扯冬地区。截至1962年8月底,印军在中国境内部署了100多个据点。这些据点最近的距中国哨所几十米甚至几米远,形成“面对面”的对峙,有的楔入中国哨所之间,有的还插到了中国边防哨所背后来了。印度军队一步逼近一步,显然要打上门来闹事了。

1962年10月18日,由毛主席召集的中央政治局常委扩大会议在中南海颐年堂召开。这是一次非同寻常的会议,它将对中印边界问题做出重大的决策。参加会议的有毛泽东、周恩来、刘少奇、朱德、邓小平、陈毅、贺龙等党和军队的最高领导,同时有关将领罗瑞卿、杨成武、张国华、王尚荣、雷英夫参加,外交部的章汉夫和乔冠华也到会。

主持会议的毛泽东要乔冠华和雷英夫报告中印边境冲突的情况和各方面的反映。

他俩汇报完,周总理接着发言,他着重分析了有关中印边境问题的形势,说明从各方面看我们不进行自卫反击不行了,因此建议立即进行自卫反击作战。会议在作了深入的分析讨论之后,一致同意周恩来的意见。

毛泽东说:“多年以来我们采取了许多办法想谋求中印边界问题的和平解决,印度都不干。蓄意挑起武装冲突,且越演越烈,真是欺人太甚。既然尼赫鲁非打不可,那我们只有奉陪了,来而不往非礼也。俗话说不打不成交,也许我们反击一下,边境才能安定下来,和平解决边界问题,才有希望实现。但我们的反击仅仅是警告惩罚性质,仅仅是告诉尼赫鲁和印度政府,用军事手段解决边境问题是不行的。”

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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