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中印之战:张国华为何称“根本不要考虑伤亡”

2016-04-22 14:40:29   人民网

周恩来也不客气地补充说:“印度开枪射击6个小时以后,我们才还击,怎么能说是中国挑起的呢!”

陈毅接着气愤地指责赫鲁晓夫:“你们9月9日发表的那个《塔斯社声明》,是偏袒印度、指责中国的。”

赫鲁晓夫抵赖:“我们根本不知道情况,印度说你们打死了他们的人。”

陈毅:“我们9月6日给你们打了招呼,你们应该知道这个情况。9月8日你们跟我们说拟发表《塔斯社声明》,我们劝你们慢一点,并且告诉你们,我们中方也要发表一个文件,请你们看了我们的文件以后再表态。退一万步说,就算像你说的你们不了解情况,那么你们也应当慎重些,等弄清情况再表态。但是,你们根本不听我们招呼,急急忙忙抢先发表了你们的《塔斯社声明》,这是为什么?”

双方你来我往,气氛顿时紧张起来。赫鲁晓夫满脸涨得通红,指手画脚起来:“我虽不知道你们的情况,但是印度有一个士兵被打死,一个士兵受伤,这就证明你们不对。”

陈毅眼睛瞪得溜圆,怒不可遏:“你我都是打过仗的人,谁死伤多并不能说明谁就对,这个道理你不懂吗?”

周恩来表态说:“我们不去占人家一寸土地,也不能让人家占我们一寸土地,我们绝不能干那些丧权辱国的事情。”周恩来再三强调,“中方对印度一直采取团结的政策,但对它不讲理的地方,对它违反国际公约的事情,则要反对,要斗争。斗争的目的是为着要团结它,不能一味迁就它。”

陈毅紧接着说,《塔斯社声明》就是迁就主义。赫鲁晓夫越加激动,指着陈毅叫起来:“我怎么是迁就主义?你们才是冒险主义、狭隘民族主义。”这又引起陈毅、彭真尖锐的驳斥……

在整个争论过程中,毛泽东始终闭口不言,他厌恶赫鲁晓夫的做派,知道说什么都是“对牛弹琴”。只是到会议快结束时,他才很克制地说:“这个问题还是要把事实搞清楚。别的事情我们管不了,对有关中国的事情,我们希望苏联同志能够听听中国的意见,把情况搞清楚,预先向中国打招呼,同中国商量,再对外公开表态,这样比较好。对尼赫鲁,我们还是要同他友好,还是要团结他。我们的原则是人不犯我,我不犯人,人若犯我,我必犯人。不为天下先。但是谁要欺负我们,那是不行的。谁都不行。”毛泽东讲话一板一眼,表情严肃,但语气委婉。

如此,赫鲁晓夫只好吐了口气说:“既然这样,那就没有什么可以再谈的了。”会谈终于不欢而散。两天后,赫鲁晓夫一行离京回国。

赫鲁晓夫从北京回到海参崴后,10月6日发表演讲,不指名地影射攻击中国:“像公鸡好斗那样热衷于战争,这是不理智的。”回到莫斯科以后,他10月31日在最高苏维埃会议上发表演讲,再一次不指名地攻击中国是“冒险主义”、“不战不和的托洛茨基主义”。这表明,赫鲁晓夫对中印争端的态度并没有改变。

毛泽东几经权衡,终于定下“打”的决心

1959年11月,中国政府最高层的决策会议在杭州举行。参加杭州会议的,有毛泽东、刘少奇、周恩来、彭真、胡乔木等人。会议主要讨论如何避免中印边界冲突和流血事件。会议首先由总参谋部的雷英夫汇报一个时期以来中印边界不断发生的流血事件。并说明,中印边界的我方指战员已经到了怒不可遏的程度。然后提出了总参和外交部共同研究的避免中印边界冲突的几项措施。例如不许打第一枪,不许还击,等等。毛泽东听着汇报,面色肃然地抽着烟。

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