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揭秘解放战争:国共双方大量使用日俘充作炮灰

2016-04-22 14:34:41   人民网

阎锡山组织六千人“日本纵队”

早在抗日战争尚未结束时,侵华日军山西派遣军司令官澄田睬四郎和参谋长山冈道夫就有意与阎锡山合作,在战争结束后继续留在山西,出面运作此事的是日伪山西省政府顾问辅佐官城野宏等人。希望借助日军抢夺抗战果实也是阎锡山的希望,日军能“残留”山西,正合他的心意,所以当1945年8月15日到来之后,“阎日双方便迫不及待地将日军残留山西问题提到了议事日程”。

经过阎锡山代表赵瑞、日军第一军代表岩田清一(城野宏的翻译)大约一周的谈判,双方达成协议:1. 日军响应阎锡山的提议,将日本军人改编成部队,置于阎锡山指挥之下。其方法是以日本人自愿为原则,办理就地队伍手续,完成日本方面的复员程序。2. 对留用的日本军人,阎锡山全部给予军官待遇,在日军现有级别基础上,提升三级。3. 给全体人员安排宿舍,并允许在营外居住,其待遇以招聘者优待。4. 合同期暂定两年,由阎锡山负责归国事宜。同日本恢复交通时,给予从日本家属来山西或给家属寄钱等方便。特别欢迎残留日军同中国妇女结婚。

为落实协定,日、阎双方在太原海子边的“日华俱乐部”成立了专门组织,研究编写残留日军的策略,并付诸实施。阎锡山认为日中双方“志同道合,共谋其事”,所以亲自为这个组织起名为“第二战区司令长官部合谋社”,由山西省政府秘书长梁延武任主任,岩田清一、城野宏等人担任要职。

日本宣布无条件投降后,城野宏命日伪军就地驻防,确保占领区,迎接阎锡山的到来,“万勿将防地让给共军”。当然,并非所有在山西的日军都愿意留下来,其实大部都已归心似箭。城野宏想尽各种方法劝说名义上已经成为战俘的日军及在华侨民继续留在中国,他极力宣扬所谓复活军国主义的可能性、日军残留山西的目的和意义,要日本人“卧薪尝胆,为了复国而残留”。他甚至派人到河北和北京,煽动那里的日本人残留山西。最后大约有2600名官兵被编入阎锡山的部队,还有技术人员和家属,共约6000人。阎锡山对所留用的日本士兵,不但发双饷,而且后来一律晋升为少尉或中尉。

阎、日合流使得中国境内在抗日战争胜利之后出现了一种匪夷所思的现象,即日军投降一两年了,依然看得到打着太阳旗的日军在活动。直到1948年6月人民解放军发动的晋中战役中,阎、日联军被歼达7万余人。加上在山西临汾和忻州两地被歼灭的日军,残留山西的日军死伤、被俘过半,几近覆灭。剩余的残留日军作垂死挣扎,甚至惨无人道地对解放太原的解放军使用了名为“联二苯”的毒气弹。但随着太原的解放,最后残留山西的日军彻底覆灭,城野宏等日军高层军官全部被俘。

日本战俘协助解放军

不单是国民党方面利用日军,共产党也曾大量使用日俘。东北光复后,在东北的日本侨民大部分被遣送回国,但还有一部分留在东北解放区,据当时东北9省14个市的调查,粗略统计的日本人数有12016人,加上遗漏的共计有31030人到33000人。其中,卫生部、军工部、军需部内的技术人员较多。具体分布在各部门的日本人数是:军区卫生部7200人,军区军工部2000人,军区军需部900人,军区其他系统1500人。据辽宁省档案馆馆藏的有关资料记载,到1949 年,东总军工部留用的技术人员186人中,日本人就有103人,超过50%。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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