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揭秘解放战争:国共双方大量使用日俘充作炮灰

2016-04-22 14:34:41   人民网

东北1946年初内战爆发,急需医护人员,当时国共双方有日本侨民移送协定,后来发现,共产党方面移送过去的日本侨民不少被国民党军队留用,于是当时的东北民主联军也开始大规模留用日本人。《中国人民解放军第四野战军卫生工作史》记载说,当时卫生部门表彰的立功者有四分之一是日本人。在辽沈战役中最关键的战场黑山阻击战中,仅一所野战医院,三天三夜就抢救医治了2000多伤员,许多日本籍医生、护士三天三夜没合眼,吃饭都在手术台上。医院工作人员、日本人雅子回忆说:“那时三天三夜下来,每个人躺下就不省人事,累得像死人一样,看着断肢少腿,鲜血淋漓、生命垂危的伤员,马上又挣扎着起来去抢救生死与共的战友。”

许多日本关东军战俘也积极加入解放军,有的甚至献出了自己宝贵的生命。1945年,我东北人民自卫军第二支队解放舒兰县城时俘虏了一批日本战俘,这些日本兵投降后开始积极协助解放军。一名叫田村义男的战俘,在部队举办机枪射手训练班时任教员,表现非常积极。他耐心细致地讲原理、做示范,很受战士欢迎。田村不仅积极搞好射手教学工作,还主动修理武器、制作枪支配件,甚至积极参加战斗。在不久后的鹿道战斗中,匪军的一个碉堡久攻不下,田村架起自己拼装的山炮,两发炮弹就把钢筋水泥碉堡打了一个大洞,匪徒们或死或伤仓惶逃窜。攻打五凤楼时,又是他两发迫击炮弹击中目标,吓得土匪缴枪投降。田村也愈战愈勇,被战士们誉为“神炮手”。不幸的是,田村后来牺牲。当时我军缴获的八八式掷弹筒常发生炸膛事故,为摸清原因,田村冒着生命危险进行实弹试验。在一次次化险为夷之后,悲剧出现了,田村身负重伤,经全力抢救无效而壮烈牺牲!田村为中国人民的解放事业献出了年轻的生命,而类似田村义男的日本战俘在当时并不在少数。

此外,我军最早的飞行员也都是在日本“师傅”的教导下成长起来的。原日本关东军第二航空军团第四练成大队的林弥一郎部,是关东军的王牌,他们集体加入东北民主联军。总计有飞行员20 名、机械师24名、机械员72名以及其他各类地面保障人员近200人。以这些日籍官兵为骨干组成的东北老航校后来成为中国空军的摇篮。这里共培养出飞行员

160人,其中23人参加过开国大典的阅兵。后来曾任空军司令员的王海、空军副司令员林虎、北京军区空军司令员刘玉堤,以及曾经击落美军王牌飞行员戴维斯的张积慧等人都是从这里走出的。后来,林弥一郎出任了日中和平友好会会长,并于1985年1月率团访问了中国。当时,全国人大常委会委员长、原东北民主联军政委彭真高度评价了林弥一郎等人为我国空军建设、为中日友好做出的贡献。

1956年6月27日,周恩来在接见日本来华代表团时说:“我们很感激一部分日本人,他们在解放战争时期,作为医生、护士、技术员参加了解放战争,这些更增强了我们与日本人民缔结友好关系的信心。日本的军阀主义是残酷的,但协助我们的日本人有很多。”这些日本战俘在解放战争中所做出的贡献为中日人民友好事业谱写了光辉的篇章。

(参考资料:孟昭庚:《侵华日军总司令冈村宁次被无罪开释内幕》,《党史纵横》2007年01期;徐君:《被解放军评为烈士的日本战俘》,《日本新华侨报》2009年2月14日;《鸡西革命老区》,中共鸡西市委党史研究室,2007年)

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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