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援救与杀戮:1923年日本关东大地震的血色记忆

2016-04-21 14:00:37   中国经营报

“其时,东京及附近各县谣传朝鲜人有投火下毒者。于是竭军警、青年团、市民、村民之全力,大索鲜人,无论老幼男妇,态意惨杀。其最可怖者,为朝鲜人、支那人往往同提并论。中国人遂因而罹滔天之奇祸,被故意杀害殴辱者,不可胜数,刀棒拳足一时交加,殆不以人类相待。

“浙籍韩潮初(神户高商学堂)、沈诵填(高师)、蔡经德(高工)、陈悼诸人,曾经多方证明确为中国人,也不免毒打几毙,并且声言支那人亦应打。

“江苏人蒋健吾等六人避署大森海岸东京横滨间,赁居日人家中,灾后家主拔刀拍案曰‘今日要杀支那人’。后经几许哀求,始免一死……

“彼时之日人悲愤凄楚,多已全失人性,残忍刻毒,闻之战栗。且因中国排日,故每遇中国人,恒易受感情之冲动,而一快其意。甚者,以此时为扫荡华工之好机会。”

在最初的死者名单中,并没有一个日本人十分忌惮的名字——王希天,他被列入了失踪者名单。

王希天是一名公费留学生,来自长春。在日本留学期间,他投身到捍卫国权的运动中,是“五四运动”的组织者之一,与周恩来关系密切。王希天同时在日本的教会工作,将大量精力花在了维护在日华工的权益上,甚至聘请日本律师为华工讨要工资,申请成立“留日中华劳动同胞共济会”,被不少日本人视为眼中钉。

王希天的死讯,直到1975年才得到证实。1975年8月28日,日本《每日新闻》发表了当年在龟户地区执勤的野战重炮兵第一联队六中队一等兵久保野茂次的日记,揭开了王希天遇难的真相。

这位普通日本兵似乎对王希天还存在相当的敬意,在1923年10月18日这天,他写道:

“当时王希天君来我们中队访问中队官长们,对护送中国人一事,愿为工人们出一些力。他是一个开朗的人。他知道中国同胞正在为送往习志野去而惊慌着,他用中文写了告示,贴在我们中队的接收处。中国人是没有人不知道王希天的。此后,有一天,我们走到税务署卫兵处,听说王希天已被某官长斩了。他骑来的半新旧自行车,被我们六中队作为战利品占用着,那自行车就归六中队所有了。”

次日(10月19日)他在日记里写道:

“今天报纸上又注销了前途有为,对社会事业鞠躬尽瘁的王希天君的消息。其真相,我听某人详尽地说过。以中队长为首,诱骗王希天,说:‘你的中国同胞在骚动,你去训诫训诫吧!’说着把他带了出去,来到逆井桥旁边的铁桥处,伺候在那边的垣内中尉来了,问六中队的官长们,你们往那儿去,休息一下吧!说时迟,那时快,从(王希天)背后,齐肩一刀斩去,然后把面庞、手、脚都斩碎,烧了衣服,掠走了身上的10元7角钱和自来水笔。这就样,杀人的事,在官长们之间,成了秘密。人们从杀人现场的步哨那里听到了详情。”

负责执行这次残杀任务的是垣内八洲夫中尉,他在日本二战战败投降前已经当到了对马要塞司令官。1981年,他在临终前确认了斩杀王希天之事。

久保野茂次日记发表前2年(1973年),在周恩来的亲自干预下,长期失踪的王希天已经被确认为“革命烈士”,其家属享受烈属待遇。

掩盖真相

1923年10月5日,在集中营里被关押了一个月的黄子莲,终于与其他老乡们一起,可以释放回国。10月8日,这些满身伤痕的华工们抵达上海十六铺码头,看到码头上欢迎他们归来的温州旅沪同乡会和上海协济日灾会,无不痛哭失声。至此,日本人残害华工的事件公诸于众,舆论一片哗然。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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