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是谁起草了《清帝逊位诏书》?

2016-04-20 14:52:24   人民网

接下来,张孝若又写道:“得此信不多日,又听说我父此项亲笔原稿,现存赵先生凤昌处。辛亥前后,赵先生本参与大计及建立民主之役。那时我父到沪,也常住赵先生家,此电即在彼处属稿,固意中事也。”

据主持整理袁世凯关于《清帝逊位诏书》的朱批原件的骆宝善先生告知,逊位诏书中的“即由袁世凯以全权组织临时共和政府,与民军协商统一办法”一句话,并不是像胡汉民所说的那样,由袁世凯“至发表时,乃窜入授彼全权一笔”。经过南北双方反复协商的《清帝逊位诏书》的原文,是“即由袁世凯以全权与民军组织临时共和政府,协商统一办法”,袁世凯只是改动了“与民军”三个字的前后位置。由此可知,袁世凯最后朱批审定的诏书文稿,显然不是胡汉民所谓“实出季直先生手”的“所谓内阁复电”。

1936年10月,曾经跟随梁士诒、阮忠枢等人在袁世凯内阁担任文案幕僚的叶恭绰,在袁世凯、梁士诒、阮忠枢等人相继离世的情况下,在《越风》半月刊第20期发表《辛亥宣布共和前北京的几段逸闻》一文。其中回忆说,张锡銮早就叫人草拟一份逊位诏书,大家认为冗长,就交给他修正。他觉得为时还早,就密藏在衣袋中。拖到1912年2月7日前后,他正准备动笔,而南方已拟好一稿电知北京,“此稿闻系张謇、赵凤昌所拟”,“由某君修改定稿。此稿末句‘岂不懿欤’四字,闻系某太史手笔,余甚佩之。盖舍此四字,无可收煞也。”

但是,据张謇2月7日为汉冶萍借款致孙中山、黄兴的信函介绍,他“前以借款及盐事,羁留沪上。……闻精卫偕少川昨已去宁会商处置清室办法,想此后不至再有变动矣。”假如2月5日上午与伍廷芳、汪精卫一起到临时参议院解释说明孙中山交议之优待清室各条件的总统府秘书长胡汉民,当时正在上海请张謇执笔草拟《清帝逊位诏书》的话,张謇是不会采取如此游移不定的口吻谈论此事的。

1939年由凤冈及门弟子编写出版的《民国梁燕孙先生士诒年谱》,沿袭张孝若和叶恭绰的说法:“退位诏书是清一代最后结束,原文系由南中将稿电来,该稿为张謇手笔,后经袁左右增加授彼全权一笔而发表,其所插入语对于后来发生不少影响。末三语为天津某巨公所拟,末一语尤为人所称道,盖分际轻重,恰到好处,欲易以他语,实至不易也。”

这里的“天津某巨公”与叶恭绰的“某太史”的所指,应该是隆裕太后当时所依赖的袁世凯的结拜兄弟、时任军谘大臣加太保衔的徐世昌。

与胡汉民借助于授意张謇执笔撰写《清帝逊位诏书》来标榜自己并且诬陷袁世凯的以讹传讹相类似,当年任张謇在上海郊区创办的大生二厂经理、又名刘垣的刘厚生,晚年在《张謇与辛亥革命》一文中回忆说,《清帝逊位诏书》由他执笔起草,经张謇“略易数字”转交唐绍仪,由唐绍仪电告北京。为了强调自己在这一历史事件中的重要性,刘厚生用小说化的代言笔法介绍说:“据好几个参与清廷机密的老朋友说:电稿到京后,袁世凯、徐世昌就把稿子交给汪衮甫(荣宝)。汪读后,就说:‘张季直为文,力模班史,词句硬碰硬,此稿却婉转庄肃,情见乎词,不类季直手笔,或当另有其人。’汪遂援笔修改,把我原文末句‘有厚望焉’改为‘岂不懿欤’。定稿后,就送给隆裕太后。隆裕太后见稿,泫然流涕说:‘我和皇帝决不以一姓尊荣,叫四万万人吃苦头。’她一头看,一头哭,忍泪说道:‘这里所说的话,都是我心里要说的话。’”

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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