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揭新四军海防部队:战果令日本《朝日新闻》惊呼

2016-04-19 14:40:26   曹晋杰 中国共产党历史网

负责守卫转移到海上的我军后勤各部门,确保抗币印制、军工生产和卫生工作正常进行

1941年12月,日伪军2万余人对苏中根据地进行大“扫荡”,在一些主要城镇建立据点,在主要河道、港汊设立关卡,使我军活动遭遇大困难。新四军一师兼苏中军区指示:“为确保后方安全,军区后勤机关除能随军行动外,其他如军工厂、印钞厂、江淮银行、被服厂、印刷厂、金库、通信仓库、军械仓库、山炮连随海防团一起行动,医院的药品、卫生材料也转移到海上去。”苏中军区军工厂搬迁到一条名叫“咸菜瓢”的大船上,流动在弶港、何家灶、王港闸一带海上,正常开工修理枪炮,翻造步枪、手枪子弹,制造炸药、手榴弹,供应前方急需的枪炮、弹药。后来敌情更紧张了,根据苏中军区首长指示,将军工厂转移到盐阜区笆斗山、青竹山一带海上,继续进行军工生产。反“扫荡”、反“清乡”取得胜利后,军工厂随海防团回到苏中,仍坚持在海上进行军工生产。一次,工人们正在修理一门山炮,突遇日伪军偷袭,工人们沉着应战,用一发炮弹打去,吓得敌船狼狈而逃,负责保卫军工厂安全的海防一团指战员迅速出动追击,在海防三团陆洲舫部的配合下,经过一场激战,俘虏了20余名日本兵。

1942年底,日伪对苏北发动第二次大“扫荡”,新四军军部向淮南黄花塘转移,江淮银行包括金库、印钞厂也要转移。印钞厂动员了一批女工回上海,留下的人转移到海船上去生产。1943年1月,由于受到日、伪、顽的夹击,形势严酷,印钞厂人员和印钞设备全部登船,转移到弶港与掘港之间的深海。船员缺少淡水、蔬菜,生活艰难;没有冬衣,大家冻得发抖;加上海浪颠簸,晕船呕吐,凹凸版印刷机也不能正常工作。只有在退潮时,由舒琪、陈真在舱中开动印钞机,赶印“江淮银行”抗币;其他人在海滩上捡些海蛏子当菜吃,涨潮时就上船。敌情紧急时,只好在海上打游击,每天都要在深海航行,与日伪、海匪周旋。

一师卫生部长李振湘派材料科长张启隆与海防团接上关系,雇用了船只,动员沿海民兵用牛车,将分散打埋伏的药品、卫生材料分路沿线集中,直运停泊在弶港的海船上。随后,材料科人员一分为二,张启隆带领殷才高、叶振东等人,仍随后方医院留在陆上,留一部分药材打埋伏,以便随时应急用;下海人员由药剂主任许文华负责,带领余怡德、沈士林,及新来的周萍、乐美新、王瑞等人,还配了两名炊事员。1942年元旦,敌人出动“扫荡”时,卫生船队迅速下海转移,随海防团船队南北流动。卫生船队每到一地进港靠岸,师部后方医院、直属疗养所和各旅、团的卫生所、门诊部需要的药品、卫生材料,都由李振湘亲自审批,前来领取。卫生船队还建立了一个小药库,由乐美新负责,专门对海防团及直属单位供应药品和卫生材料。陆上环境险恶时,医政科长陈耀汉也带领医护人员和重伤员登上海船,与卫生船队一起行动。新四军卫生部长沈其震曾来海上视察卫生船队,他肯定了“药材在海上供应”的做法,认为卫生船队海上集中供药,比陆上药材分散打埋伏,发一次药跑几个地方要方便安全得多。我军在上海采购的药材,通过外地商船运过来,我船驶到海上深水处过船卸货,安全方便。由于药材充足,做到了供应及时迅速。

作为海上交通线,成功接送我党政干部、军队指战员、进步文化人、爱国青年、国际友人

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