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谁是“九一八”事变始作俑者:日本天皇未批准

2016-04-19 14:35:55   人民网

行刺天皇失败后,金九立即通过南洋报纸发表声明,警告日方不得杀害李奉昌,如若不然定遭更大报复。但日本法院还是于当年9月判处李奉昌死刑,并大肆宣扬犯人已经悔过。

裕仁在得知刺客身份后笑嘻嘻地说:“他一定是韩国独立党派来的。”当天下午,宫内侍从官木下称,这次谋杀未遂事件有助于裕仁重新获得对他日益失望的日本人民的同情。刺杀事件后,主管警务的内务相曾同内阁其他人员一起向裕仁奏请辞职。但裕仁看也不看,就将辞呈退给首相,要求内阁全体留任。

1932年1月5日,日本关东军高级参谋、九一八事变的主要策划者之一板垣征四郎,从沈阳飞回东京,向裕仁天皇和日军参谋本部报告侵占中国东北的情况,随后参与制订在上海发动战争的计划。10日,板垣从东京给日本驻上海公使馆武官助理田中隆吉少将发电报:“‘满洲事变’按预定计划发展,但中央有人因列强反对仍持怀疑态度,请利用当前中日间紧张局面进行你策划的事变,将列强目光转向上海。”

上海是国民党统治区的经济中心,控制了上海,既能以此为据点进一步扩大对中国腹地的侵略,又可进一步迫使蒋介石政府妥协投降。更重要的是,欧美各国在华投资大都集中于上海,是列强对华关系最敏感的区域,易于收到转移国际视线的效果。

1月18日下午4时,驻在上海江湾路山妙发寺的5名日莲宗日莲宗:以镰仓时代中期僧人日莲为宗师的日本佛教派之一。僧人在毛巾厂附近突遭日本特务川岛芳子川岛芳子:又名金碧辉,前清肃亲王善耆之女,后为日本浪人川岛浪速收养,并训练成忠实为日本帝国主义效劳的女间谍,为日本提供了大量侵华情报,抗日战争胜利后在北平被处决。雇用的流氓打手的袭击,致使一名日僧死亡。以此为口实,1月28日晚11时50分,日军按照预定计划向闸北一带中国驻军发起了进攻。震惊中外的上海“一·二八”事变就此爆发。

驻上海日军舰队司令盐泽幸一曾狂妄地叫嚷“上海一旦发生战争,4小时即可了事”。但是日军一开始便碰了壁。驻防闸北的蔡廷锴将军率领第十九路军在上海市民的支持下,进行了英勇而顽强的抵抗,并于29日下午开始反击,一举粉碎了日军的进攻,日本的狂妄计划破灭了。盐泽被迫接受英、美、法驻沪领事的“调停”,同意停战3天,以待援军。

日军进攻闸北失败后,密切注视着战事发展的裕仁天皇于2月2日任命皇后的堂兄伏见宫为海军军令部总长。这项任命一反宫廷惯例,事先并未与首相推荐人西园寺商量,只是在事情决定后才通知西园寺公望。由于陆军参谋总长已由伏见宫的祖叔闲院宫担任,至此,陆海两军的作战事宜完全控制在皇室成员手中。

1月31日,日本海相提出:“上海附近情况不容乐观,必要时希望陆军增援。”随后,日本海军中央部慌忙增派新组成的第3舰队支援上海。2月3日,盐泽破坏停战协议,再度向闸北进攻,并于次日发起了第一次总攻击,将战火延烧至江湾、吴淞一带。结果是激战数日,进攻江湾的第一联队被中国军队围歼。吴淞炮台虽被日军摧毁,但日军仍无法登陆。这次总攻被粉碎后,在裕仁的指责下,日本驻上海舰队司令盐泽幸一被免职,改由日军第3舰队司令官野村吉三郎中将接任。2月5日,根据裕仁天皇的敕令,陆军参谋总长闲院宫载仁亲王急令陆军第9师团火速增援上海。第9师团于2月20日、23日发起两次总攻,均被击退。总攻计划破产后,日本统治阶级陷入了骑虎难下的困境。

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