军事 > 军事历史
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160419/22471023_8.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/02/27 15:00:00

Powered by China
China

邓小平和陈云如何能成政治生命最长的两个人?

2016-04-19 14:33:40   人民网

关系之三:在分歧面前以改革开放大局为重

古今中外任何志同道合的政治家之间,都不可能完全没有分歧意见,问题在于分歧的性质和对待分歧的态度。邓小平和陈云虽然都主张改革开放,但在一些问题上同样存在这样或那样的分歧。不承认有分歧,不是唯物主义;过分夸大这种分歧,甚至把他们的关系描绘成权力斗争,更有悖历史的真实。实际情况是,在改革开放初期,当他们出现分歧时,要么一方放弃自己的观点,要么彼此求大同存小异。无论哪种情况,他们都把维护党的团结和改革开放大业作为最高原则。

邓小平始终认为,在社会主义时期,除了爆发大规模战争,全党全民都应当把现代化建设作为中心任务。因此,在他第三次复出后,十分重视利用当时有利的国际条件,要求加快从国外引进设备和技术。1978年国务院务虚会之前,他约谷牧谈话,听取出访欧洲国家的汇报,强调要“下决心向外国借点钱搞建设,要抓紧时间”。[1](p.335)但是,当后来陈云提出,现在经济比例失调情况严重,要把各方面比例先调整好,再加快发展;不能只考虑从国外引进项目,还要考虑国内提供配套资金的能力;对外债要分析,真正的自由外汇很少;现在国际市场是买方市场,只要国际关系不出大变化,这个有利条件不会失掉等等意见之后,邓小平部分放弃了自己的观点。他说:“我赞成陈云同志那个分析,外资是两种,一种叫自由外汇,一种叫设备贷款。不管哪一种,我们都要利用,因为这个机会太难得了,这个条件不用太可惜了。”“问题是怎样善于利用,怎样使每个项目都能够比较快地见效,包括解决好偿付能力问题。利用外资是一个很大的政策,我认为应该坚持。”“我们引进每一个项目都要做到必须具有偿付能力。可以先干两件事再说。陈云同志的意见是一个项目一个项目地研究,我赞成这个意见,应该这样来研究。”[4](pp.198,199)从这些话中不难看出,他对这个问题,虽然保留了自己的一些观点,但从总体上是同意陈云意见的。

同样,陈云在遇到同邓小平意见不一致的时候,也往往表示赞成邓小平的意见,起码不再公开坚持自己的观点。

例如,在经济特区问题上。陈云曾在1981年省、市、自治区党委第一书记座谈会上说过:“广东、福建两省的深圳、珠海、汕头、厦门四个市在部分地区试办经济特区(广东不是全省特区,福建也不是全省特区),现在只能有这几个,不能增多。当然,来料加工,合资经营,现在许多地方也在做,但不能再增加特区。……像江苏这样的省不能搞特区。”[3](p.306)

1982年春节,他约当时国家计划委员会的几位负责人座谈,再次强调:“现在搞特区,各省都想搞,都想开口子。如果那样,外国资本家和国内投机家统统出笼,大搞投机倒把就是了,所以不能那么搞。特区第一位的问题是总结经验。”[3](p.311)但是,当邓小平在1984年初同中央几位负责人说:“我们建立经济特区,实行开放政策,有个指导思想要明确,就是不是收,而是放”;“除现在的特区之外,可以考虑再开放几个港口城市,如大连、青岛。这些地方不叫特区,但可以实行特区的某些政策”[9],并请他们向陈云汇报。陈云听后,明确表示赞成邓小平的意见。接着,中央书记处和国务院召开会议,根据邓小平谈话的精神,建议开放天津、上海等14个沿海港口城市,并形成了《沿海部分城市座谈会纪要》,委托时任中央书记处书记、国务委员的谷牧向正在杭州休养的陈云汇报。陈云再次明确表示,同意开放14个沿海城市,同时也指出:现在特区还没有“拳头”产品,要它那里搞“拳头”产品有困难;外资企业产品要有一定比例内销,但对有发展前途的国内工业应当保护;特区不要搞自己的货币,如果一定要搞,发行权一定要集中到中央。 [8](pp.1672~1677)显然,陈云在这件事情上总体上向邓小平的意见靠拢,但也保留了一些自己的观点。

上一页8/11下一页
责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160419/22471023_8.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/02/27 15:00:00

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160419/22471023_8.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/02/27 15:00:00

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160419/22471023_8.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/02/27 15:00:00

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160419/22471023_8.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/02/27 15:00:00

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160419/22471023_8.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/02/27 15:00:00

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160419/22471023_8.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/02/27 15:00:00

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160419/22471023_8.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/02/27 15:00:00

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160419/22471023_8.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/02/27 15:00:00

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160419/22471023_8.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/02/27 15:00:00

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160419/22471023_8.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/02/27 15:00:00

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160419/22471023_8.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/02/27 15:00:00

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160419/22471023_8.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/02/27 15:00:00

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160419/22471023_8.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/02/27 15:00:00

Powered by China
China