军事 > 军事历史
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160415/22444568_2.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/02/03 19:28:40

Powered by China
China

辛亥革命后黄兴留守南京为何功未成身先退?

2016-04-15 14:29:13   人民网

此时的南京,城内外到处都是骚动的士兵,他们成群结队,嚷着要发放欠饷,几有哗变之势。私下里,孙中山曾无奈地承认:倘若数日之内无足够的资金以解燃眉之急,则军队恐将解散,而革命政府也将面临瓦解之命运。胡汉民也说,当时的革命政府,“军队不堪战斗,乏饷又虑哗溃”,随时有兵变的可能。身为陆军总长的黄兴甚至自称:和议若不成,自度不能下动员令,唯有割腹以谢天下!

南北和议进行之时,黄兴曾对率桂军来援的革命党人耿毅说:“我何尝不想北伐扫荡虏廷,直捣黄龙。但附和革命者,不是盘踞地方,就是拥兵自卫,只求目前名利,不计将来祸患,有的甚至还与袁世凯暗通声气。黎元洪本非革命者,我若过于强制,他即与袁世凯单独媾和。大势如此,我何能独持异议。孙大总统初回国,尚不知其中内容,责我过于软弱,我只好忍受。”时为黄兴参谋长的李书城对此也颇有同感,他列举了七八个都督和民军将领,认为革命军一旦与袁开战,“他们很可能反戈相向”。

留守难守:

裁军最大难题是没钱

1912年3月,南京临时政府解散,临时参议院北迁。参议院众人北上之后,南京的问题依然没有解决,因为各路革命军并不能随同北上。而和议告成后,南方军队在军事上已无用武之处,他们的数量是如此庞大,已大大超过各省财政所能承受的范围。

对此,革命党人自办的报纸《民立报》也痛加批评说:“江南各地到处都是兵!军官的数量多如牛毛!陆军部不但不知道这些兵够不够用,就连有多少兵也不清楚!调查也没有办法,遣散也没有办法,要编制这些军队,又不好编这个不编那个。”军队要求发饷,陆军部又不敢不答应。

革命军一日不去,南方局势即一日不宁,其遗留问题让袁世凯很是头疼。袁世凯考虑再三后,认为解铃还须系铃人,把这个重担留给了黄兴。于是,在唐绍仪内阁成立后,袁世凯同时发布命令,委任黄兴为“南京留守”,其目的就是要借黄兴之手来处理南方革命军的裁撤问题。毫无疑问,这职位是个烫手的山芋。

黄兴是个忠厚人,他很爽快地接受了任命并通电称:“两江一带军队,维持整理刻不容缓。兴纵怀归隐之志,也断不敢置经手未完事宜于不顾,以负我军界同胞。”4月6日,黄兴正式就任,留在南京处理各省革命军的裁撤与遣散事宜。

很不地道的是,袁世凯给了黄兴维持与整理革命军的权力,但没有给予相应的财政支持。无奈之下,黄兴也只能以“爱国”为号召,鼓励军人们自动离职,共济时艰。这样说固然很容易,真做起来却是非常困难——在没有得到合理的补偿前,谁会轻易放下手中的武装呢?

想当年,李自成农民军推翻明廷,集结在京的大顺义军有40万人。胜利之后,这些人很快变质,“贼将各踞巨室,藉没子女为乐”。当时有人提醒主将刘宗敏,说这样下去会激起民变,刘宗敏却直截了当的答道:此时只忧兵变,民何足言!军兴日费万金,安所取给?

鼎革之际,军饷的匮乏令北洋军兵变频发,革命军也同样因为欠饷而发生了多起兵变。黄兴的主要任务是裁军,最大的难题是没钱,没钱不能维持军队而且还要将之廉价遣散,这引起了部分革命军将士的强烈不满。

上一页2/4下一页
责任编辑:汤鹏霏 CM015
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160415/22444568_2.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/02/03 19:28:40

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160415/22444568_2.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/02/03 19:28:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160415/22444568_2.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/02/03 19:28:40

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160415/22444568_2.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/02/03 19:28:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160415/22444568_2.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/02/03 19:28:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160415/22444568_2.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/02/03 19:28:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160415/22444568_2.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/02/03 19:28:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160415/22444568_2.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/02/03 19:28:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160415/22444568_2.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/02/03 19:28:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160415/22444568_2.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/02/03 19:28:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160415/22444568_2.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/02/03 19:28:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160415/22444568_2.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/02/03 19:28:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160415/22444568_2.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/02/03 19:28:40

Powered by China
China