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王耀南: 被降职8次 地雷战王获“免死金牌”

2016-04-06 17:26:24   华声在线

此时他接到通报,我军驻郭庄和大陈庄的部队情报有误,在东王庄方向布雷,结果老百姓往定县方向撤退时,踩响地雷,死伤多人。王耀南要求军区发训 令,各部队、游击队、民兵只有看到日军确实在运动才能安装地雷激发装置,警报解除后,有安装人员拆除未引爆的地雷击发装置。后来这一训令传来传去,成为 “不见鬼子不挂弦”的佳话。

王耀南是个很谦虚的人,在反扫荡后期,他率部追杀敌后卫,清除了进入根据地的日伪军和汉奸。根据军区首长指示,在二分区的要求下,王耀南留在了 二分区宣传地雷战和地道战。但是他始终谦虚道:“地雷和地道不是我发明的,我只不过是利用自己20多年的爆破和挖洞子的经历提出了地雷战和地道战的战 术。”他提请二分区和四分区共同组织民兵联防,监视敌军行动,提出搞“地道战”要因地制宜,在山区和靠近山区的敌方要很好的利用地形,隐蔽自己消灭敌人。

敌人对王耀南怕得要死,还曾经在电台广播里造谣说,“皇军扫荡消灭了八路军三分区机关,活捉了司令员王耀南”。企图以此动摇游击队的抗日决心。结果被当地的老百姓当成了天大的笑话。

1947年11月22日,王耀南奉命前往运城前线,在朱德“勇敢加技术”的指示下,结合石门战役的经验,协助完成指挥攻克运城的任务。王耀南根 据二攻运程不克的教训提出了不能把工兵当敢死队用,应让工兵指导步兵学会土工作业和爆破,强调应克制旅、团指挥员急于进攻的急躁情绪,疏于工程保障的做 法;提倡一线部队多流汗,少流血。他完成了运城战役作战计划后报批徐向前等首长,军委复电同意。12月17日夜里,主力开进,扫清了外围障碍,25日总攻 开始。敌守军在飞机的掩护下拼死抵抗,胡宗南从南线排除援兵,大举渡过黄河,我军南部告急。王耀南适时地提出了派小部队嵌入护城壕挖短坑道,炸开城墙的险 招。结果27日爆破成功,28日运城解放。

1948年2月,徐向前到达翼城指挥临汾战役,王耀南汲取了运城之战的经验教训,根据临汾城墙坚厚、碉堡坚固的实际情况,建议加强部队训练。徐 向前亲自召开了营以上千人干部会议,号召大练兵。3月6日,徐向前命令发起临汾战役。敌机不断轰炸我军前沿阵地,临汾守敌工兵又挖了大量的坑道,防止我军 攻城和挖坑道破城。战役在空中、地面、地下展开。4月15日,临汾前线坑道挖掘工作全面展开,仅东城就开挖了15条作战坑道和60条掩护坑道。5月18 日,历时72天的临汾战役胜利结束。1948年6月1日,临汾战役胜利后的第13天,毛主席在《关于辽沈战役的电报》中高度评价了临汾战役:“徐向前同志 指挥之临汾战役,我以9个旅(其中只有2个旅有攻城经验),攻敌2个正规旅及其他杂部共约2万人,费去72天时间,付出15000人的伤亡,终于攻克。我 军9个旅(约7万人)都取得攻坚城的经验,是一个很有意义的大胜利。临汾阵地是很坚固的,敌人非常顽强。敌我两军攻防之主要方法是地道斗争。我军用多数地 道进攻,敌军亦用多数地道破坏我之地道,双方都随时总结经验,结果我用地道下之地道获胜”。

从1951到1952年,志愿军司令员彭德怀3次命令王耀南到朝鲜负责解决志愿军的防空和防重炮问题,王耀南根据平原地道战的战术提出山地坑道 战的战术,解决了志愿军防空和防重炮的问题,在巩固我军三八线的山地防御战中起了极其重要的作用。1953年7月朝鲜停战后,整个三八线山体已经基本掏 空,彻底解决了一线山地部队的屯兵、养兵、作战进攻与作战防御问题,甚至可以抗敌重磅炸弹和8英寸(200毫米)口径重炮的轰击,我军每日每个军阵亡人数 已由80人降为2~3人。地下坑道被部队誉为“打不垮,炸不烂的地下钢铁长城”。

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