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王耀南: 被降职8次 地雷战王获“免死金牌”

2016-04-06 17:26:24   华声在线

10月18日,毛泽东从王耀南所带领的工兵营建设的桥上过河,中央红军开始二万五千里长征。

12月,他又在乌江为朱德队伍架设浮桥,使其队伍顺利过江,王耀南得到了全军通令嘉奖。遵义会议后,王耀南在红军四渡赤水的时候,仅用2个月的 时间,指挥工兵连克服重重困难,架起了10余座桥,大破天门洞架通赤水河,再次获得全军通令嘉奖,并且被毛泽东称为工兵专家。红军三渡赤水后,敌人继续围 追堵截,处境非常困难,何去何从?一时间没了办法,毛泽东想到了王耀南,便对总参谋长刘伯承说:“部队当前的首要问题是过河,太平度的桥是否还在,你亲自 找工兵专家王耀南同志谈一谈。”王耀南接到命令后,立刻赶到太平度和二郎滩护桥守桥,保障了红军顺利渡过了赤水河。战后,红军总参谋长刘伯承对毛主席说: “只要王耀南有烟抽,红军没有过不去的坡,只要王耀南有酒喝,红军没有过不去的河。”

长征中爬雪山过草地也有着王耀南的功劳。王耀南带领全连在雪山上修桥铺路,为全军开道,700里的雪山路途中留下了许多工兵指战员的遗体。王耀南曾为了缅怀长征中的工兵士兵们写下了“逢山开路,遇水架桥”的挽联。

长征结束时,只剩一个工兵连了。红军工兵在长征中的伤亡和贡献可想而知。王耀南在长征中的重大贡献不言而喻,无愧于同志们送给他的“五个王”的称号。

地雷烽火燃沙场

同志们封给他的五王称号中其中一王是“地雷战王”。作为中国革命史上工兵连的创始人,一生为工兵事业而奋斗,王耀南最大的贡献莫过于创造、完善并推广了地雷战。“地雷战”为人民战争创造了又一个惊天地泣鬼神的战法。

1941年2月,彭德怀命令王耀南指挥构筑黄崖洞兵工厂防御工程,并且批准王耀南可以大规模的使用地雷和构筑大量永备工事的方案,组织工厂研制 和大量生产地雷、滚雷等土装备。于是王耀南提出了“在厂区布地雷阵打击进入兵工厂敌军”的方案。此时,王耀南认为地雷战术基本成型。他经常带着八路军在总 部驻地农家小院里演戏民兵如何布阵打击日寇。王耀南完善了演习方案以后,彭德怀指示他开始推广地雷战,牵制日军对根据地的进攻。于是王耀南开始带领工兵干 部通过演话剧的方式推广地雷战。一名民兵在掌握战术后,在一次战斗中,因为埋设地雷炸死了日军大佐和少佐各一人,立了头功。王耀南为了节省制雷成本,提出 了凿石头做雷壳,造最便宜地雷的方案。他在演练过程中意识到,地雷战关键在于怎么埋地雷。地雷战术还需要进一步改进,不光在特务团推广,还要在部队中,甚 至是游击队中推广。于是向领导建议广泛地推广地雷战。

因为过去布雷只是一个武器应用的问题,地雷价值昂贵,并非埋在地下的全部地雷都能起到作用,所以无法在一般的战斗中使用,谈不上普遍应用,更谈 不上推广,但是左权认为王耀南的建议很好,于是他要求王耀南试着做几次战例,提出具体方案,然后再广泛推广。王耀南开始集训部队和干部开始推广地雷战,得 到了刘伯承的大力支持。他总是亲力亲为,教他们搞火药和引信装置,教给他们埋设地雷的地点时间,如何防止地雷误伤群众和牲畜。

1941年冬天,聂荣臻向朱德请调王耀南到晋察冀推广地雷战。王耀南奉命前往。他到达后立刻投入工作,先给司令员和领导说明了日军的“照妖镜” 是探雷器,向他们介绍了探雷器的工作原理和性能,提出把地雷的起爆装置和老鼠夹子相连接,用马尾当绊索等办法反日军排雷。当时由于日军在中原大修碉堡,修 建网状公路,反复进行扫荡,冀中形势十分严峻。冀中军区和机关部队撤进太行山区。王耀南提出了改造地形,由此产生了地道战。他带领民兵挖“蛤蟆蹲”、菜 窖、地窑子,并把它们串通藏身。

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