军事 > 军事历史
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160321/22224450_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2025/12/29 07:33:01

Powered by China
China

二战中的情报暗战:丘吉尔为保密牺牲一座城市

2016-03-21 14:40:44   人民网

而丘吉尔和他的战争指挥系统首先必须知道的是:德国将有多少坦克、飞机、潜艇参战,其石油、钢铁的生产能力如何。

希特勒很清楚保守机密的重要性,早在1934年就指示德国军方及情报系统开始更换无线电密码系统。1936年,德国情报局启用了一种新的军事密码,这不同于以往的人工编制密码,而是由机器编制。这台机器被恰如其分地称为“ENIGAMA”,也即英语“谜”之意。

“谜”价格低廉、结实耐用,操作、保养及携带相当简便。更让希特勒放心的是,对方是否能得到“谜”,对于密码通信无关紧要,因为如果不知道编码的程序,这种机器对缴获者而言没有任何用处。

因此,希特勒对“谜”的依赖和信任,几乎达到了迷信的程度。他认为任何国家不可能破译它的密码,于是毫不犹豫地让德国海陆空军全部采用了“谜”密码通信系统。

英国人则费尽心机破译之。他们先是学着德国人的样子,制造出了一种与“哑谜”一样的机器。然而要想从德国人手中得到编码系统、编码程序远比制造机器困难,德国人将其列为最高机密,即使英国人得手,德国人一旦知晓后会很快且轻而易举地更换,到手的程序和编码将毫无用处。

犹太人波兰人“递来利剑”

英国军情局在伦敦郊外的布雷奇利庄园设立了密码破译中心。在这里,有数百名工作人员参与破译德国军事行动的绝密情报。而这所庄园以及破译工作,同样也被英国政府列为最高机密,其代号就是“超级机密”。

正在英国人毫无头绪时,1938年,一位犹太人向英国情报人员透露,他曾是“艾尼格玛”的设计人员之一。英国人经过仔细甄别后,相信了他。这位犹太人真的复制出了一台“艾尼格玛”密码机,按照英国人的说法,这是仿制工程的奇迹,而这的确帮了英国人的大忙。

然而在1939年夏秋之际,德国人又改进了原先的密码机,复制品由此失去了效能,英国再次陷入困境。但波兰情报部门又出手解救了英国人。作为英国的盟国,波兰人将他们数年来对德国密码机的研究成果乃至新的密码机样机、已解密机器悉数交给了英国人。

仅仅一个星期后,纳粹军队就开进了波兰。这让英国密码破译专家诺克斯感动不已,他说:“波兰此举,就像一名古代的骑士在倒下之前,将手中的利剑递给了战友。”

在布雷奇利庄园,除了诺克斯这位破译界名宿,还有一位数学界奇才——图灵。他毕业于剑桥大学,战后依靠对密码机的研究成果,他成了开创电子计算机时代的先驱者之一。

首先,他们从研制能模仿或能解释德国国防军每一个“哑谜”方式的机器入手,从而能推出所有德军主要司令部日日夜夜、成年累月发布命令时经常变换的编码程序。经过艰难攻关,英国人终于制成了具有上述功能的机器,将之命名为“炸弹”。

1939年底,“炸弹”破译出了德国密码,英国人欣喜若狂。从此,德军的秘密计划和行动方案,源源不断地从布雷奇利庄园传到军情六处孟席斯上校手中,再直接交到丘吉尔的案头。事实上,德军在“二战”期间的绝大多数行动,都没能瞒得过英国人,只不过英国人将情报来源一直掩饰得很好,始终没有引起对手的怀疑。

上一页2/4下一页
责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160321/22224450_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2025/12/29 07:33:01

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160321/22224450_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2025/12/29 07:33:01

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160321/22224450_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2025/12/29 07:33:01

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160321/22224450_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2025/12/29 07:33:01

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160321/22224450_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2025/12/29 07:33:01

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160321/22224450_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2025/12/29 07:33:01

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160321/22224450_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2025/12/29 07:33:01

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160321/22224450_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2025/12/29 07:33:01

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160321/22224450_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2025/12/29 07:33:01

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160321/22224450_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2025/12/29 07:33:01

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160321/22224450_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2025/12/29 07:33:01

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160321/22224450_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2025/12/29 07:33:01

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160321/22224450_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2025/12/29 07:33:01

Powered by China
China