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百团大战打掉降日派、和谈派的说法是“虚”的?

2016-03-21 14:25:34   环球网

美国一旦被偷袭,第二天就宣战,最后一定要把偷袭者打到Unconditional Surrender(无条件投降)方才罢手;我们早已不是被“偷袭”,而是在侵略者明火执仗、南京屠城、占领了大半个中国的情况下,竟然还一边进行着抵抗,一边琢磨着妥协,一边盘算着退路。这不是问题吗?这不是耻辱吗?

当然,国民政府有些客观理由。据当时的兵工署统计:库存子弹5亿发,长江北岸山炮、野炮炮弹12万发,克虏伯野战炮炮弹10万发,合计22万发,只够20个师3个月的使用量。

1937年7月31日,“庐山讲话”刚过十几天,蒋介石邀请他的“智囊”——胡适、梅贻琦、张伯苓、陶希圣、陈布雷等,一起吃饭,告知他们决定抗战。胡适问:能支撑多长时间?蒋答:6个月。当时就这个底数。所以不敢正式宣战,一边打一边想和,能妥协就妥协,能不打就不打。蒋的抗战,从一开始就没有打到底的决心。

所以,德国大使陶德曼(Oskar Paul Trautmann)秉承希特勒意志,出面“调停”。德国希望日本从中国战场拔出腿来,进攻苏联。日本从东面进攻,德国好从西面进攻。日本跟中国打起来,对德国来说是个不小的麻烦。

日本当时提出了7个条件:第一,内蒙古自治;第二,华北非军事区;第三,上海扩大非军事区;第四,停止抗日政策;第五,共同反共;第六,降低对日关税;第七,尊重外国主权。

最初蒋介石表示难以接受。东北已经丢了,华北又被日本占领,现在还要内蒙古自治,胃口太大了,不行!1937年11月12日,蒋介石刚刚表态不能接受,7天之后,上海沦陷,日军直逼南京。于是12月2日,蒋介石对陶德曼表示:中日可以谈,日方提出的条件还不算“亡国条件”。

其实,1937年8月7日的国防会议上,蒋介石已经说过:“如果以长城为界,长城以内的资源,日本不得有丝毫侵占行为,这我敢做。”这些话,国民政府绝对不会拿出来说,但他当年的确做好了以长城为界的准备,东北就算了,只求回到“七七事变”之前的状态就行。

1937年12月6日,国民政府国防最高会议在武汉召开,正式决定“接受陶德曼调停”。历史在这里走到了非常危险的地步。

如果当时,真的按照陶德曼调停实现中日停火,日本倒是从中国抽身了,可蒋委员长“抗日英雄”的光环不知要蒙上多么厚重的尘埃,日本战争机器的寿命不知要延续多久,东亚战争的蹂躏不知还要持续多久。但问题是,日本此刻已经利令智昏了。

12月13日,日本攻陷南京,立即变本加厉,7个条件不够了,再加4个。不仅要求经济赔偿,更提出在必要的地区设立特殊机构、伪政权,这已经是亡国的条件了。在这种情况下,蒋介石无法再退,对陶德曼说“绝无接受之余地”。日本就这样第一次错过了抽身的机遇。

研究日本战争史,我猜想很多日本人对这段历史做内部评估时,一定很后悔——当年见好就收多好啊,胃口太大了。可是错过一次机遇,后面还有第二次、第三次。

紧接着,1938年5月,宇垣一成大将出任日本外相。此人过去跟蒋介石私交非常好。辛亥革命后,蒋介石在反袁世凯的“二次革命”中亡命日本,宇垣一成给予精心照料,两人结下友谊。蒋介石一看老朋友当了外相,觉得有戏了,可以做文章。于是宇垣外相的代表跟孔祥熙的代表在香港秘密接触,要谈,要和,别再打下去。

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