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百团大战打掉降日派、和谈派的说法是“虚”的?

2016-03-21 14:25:34   环球网

本文节选自《心胜2——关于灵魂与血性》一书,作者:金一南。特别鸣谢:长江文艺出版社

不能忘却之:为什么国民政府迟迟不肯对日宣战?

1937年7月17日,蒋介石发表庐山讲话,下决心抗战。他说:“如果放弃尺寸土地主权,便是中华民族的千古罪人。”“地无分南北,年不分老幼,皆抱定牺牲一切之决心!”这已经成为海峡两岸多次引用的抗战名言。

蒋介石对于抗日的考虑,有他的被动之处。

第一,他一直是想“攘外必先安内”,先把共产党消灭了再说。但共产党人始终无法剿灭,日本侵略者又步步紧逼,再不抵抗,连“安内”的空间都没有了。

第二,国内外皆施加巨大压力。国内民众强烈要求抗日,共产党强烈要求抗日,国外的英美政府也给蒋介石施加压力,不希望他后退太多。

第三,“西安事变”的直接推动。

很多人看了美国胡佛研究所披露的《蒋介石日记》才知道,“西安事变”时,宋美龄曾把周恩来带来,与蒋介石两度会面,达成停止内战的国共合作协议。过去,蒋从西安回到南京后,绝对不承认事变中与共产党有过接触。

当然,蒋介石抗日也有他的主动所在:一是感情基础,二是利益基础。

感情基础,从宋美龄的一句话就可以看出来。宋美龄一家都是虔诚的基督徒。当时宋美龄母亲病重,宋美龄陪伴在床前,问了母亲一句:“您的祈祷那么有力量,为什么不向上帝祷告,以一场地震摧毁日本,好让它再也伤害不了中国?”当然,蒋和宋都恨日本,日本人对蒋也基本没有好感,后来几次谈判,谈到最后都想让蒋下台。

利益基础,从他对1931年“九一八事变”处置结果的后悔可见一斑。1932年6月,蒋介石听了国民政府资源委员会翁文灏的汇报,介绍东三省煤炭占全国60%以上,铁矿占82%,悔此前决策错误,在日记里写道:“惊骇莫名!东北煤铁如此丰富,倭寇安得不欲强占?中正梦梦,今日始醒。甚恨研究之晚,对内、对外之政策之错误也。”这也蒋介石抗日的动因之一。

为什么直到1941年12月9日才正式对日宣战?为什么战争发生在卢沟桥?研究历史要特别注意细节,细节里面的名堂非常大。冠冕堂皇的浮夸,往往被细节击穿。

通常所谓“八年抗战”,是从1937年“七七事变”开始,到1945年8月日本无条件投降。习主席提到的14年抗战,则是从1931年“九一八事变”开始到日本投降。那么,国民政府1941年12月9日正式宣战时,到1945年8月15日日本投降,只有3年零8个月的时间。

从常识上,多数中国人都以为“七七事变”全面打起来就算宣战了,其实不对。从1931年“九一八事变”算起,到1941年12月9日正式宣战,日本大规模入侵已经10年零3个月;即使从1937年“七七事变”算起,中国的全面抗战也已经进行了4年零5个月。

既然蒋介石有感情的因素,有利益的因素,知道必须跟日本作战,但为什么直到1941年12月9日才最终对日宣战?最直接的原因,是1941年12月7日日军偷袭珍珠港,12月8日美国对日宣战,国民政府这才鼓足勇气,紧随美国之后宣战。

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