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解放军1970年就有重型直升机:苏联“示好”礼物

2016-03-09 09:34:42   航空知识微信公众号

在1953年设计时,米-6的最初设计载重6吨,但后来苏联军方要求载重能力提高50%,定型时业载达到了12吨,吊挂达到8吨。米-6 研制过程中的最大挑战就是主旋翼桨叶设计。其中引入了液压减振器,是苏联历史上的第一次。

最终,米-6 的主旋翼桨叶采用了全金属设计,尾桨桨叶则为木制。 TV-2VM 涡轴发动机的起飞功率可以达到 4,100 千瓦。发动机产生的动力经主变速箱四级行星齿轮传至主旋翼、尾桨、散热扇、起动机、液压泵和其他附属机械设备,输出轴上的扭矩达到 60,000 千克/米。西方的飞机设计师们直到 7 年后才设计出效能相近的变速箱。

米-6A直升机

机舱尺寸为12×2.65×2.5 米,可容纳 41 付担架和 2 名医护人员;或者搭载 90 名全副武装的空降士兵并同时吊挂重达 9 吨的作战物资。加强型货舱地板可以运输2门自行榴弹炮或 1台步兵装甲车。1962年9月11日,米-6在20.1吨的超重业载下飞到 2,738 米高度,飞机总重则达到 48 吨。

1962年12月,米-6经过一系列国家测试后进入苏军装备序列。

1965年,米-6参加了第26届巴黎航展上,这是它首次在国际上亮相,北约将它命名为“吊钩”。

到1981年,米-6系列直升机的总产量也达到了 925 架以上。

米-6家族

米-6P客运型,可容纳乘员 70 或 80 人。座椅为2-3布局设计。机窗数增为11个。此机型未批产。

米-6PZh2 灭火直升机,安装了可旋转式水枪,水枪上安装了复合型软管,可输送水和发泡剂。参与了无数次救火行动。

米-6在灭火测试中

米-6A 商业运输直升机,用于商业的米-6A 运输直升机,主要是拆除了机枪,其他设备也有所变化。民用米-6A 生产数量较多。

米-6APS搜救直升机,这种飞机数量不多,由飞机修理厂改装而成。飞机上安装了一系列特殊设备,如机载绞车、充气救生船等。

米-6 吊运“东方号”宇宙飞船

米-6 通信中继直升机,机舱内安装了功率强大的通信设备,机身外侧和尾梁处装有天线。

米-6VKP 空中指挥所,机舱内装有一部保密无线电通信设备,设有一个司令部人员用的指挥室。然而这架飞机实际上不能在空中指挥,飞机要降落到地上,并将设备移出机舱、安放于地面,才能实现指挥控制功能。

米-6TZ-SV 加油直升机,机舱内装有两个米-10直升机的油箱,总油量为7,400 升,还有油泵、2个输油软管,并未用于实战。

米-6M 重型运输直升机,苏联要求研制载重 11-20 吨、航程 800-1,200千米的运输直升机。米里设计局认为,现有的米-6载重能力提高极为有限。随后启动了第三代重型直升机的研制项目,即米-26。

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