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新安保法今日正式生效:日本“第一拳”挥向中国

2016-03-29 10:13:27   现代金报

专家分析

新“安保法”生效 安倍还要咋折腾?

备战参院:为“修宪”铺最后一里路

新“安保法”标志着日本战后“专守防卫”的安保政策发生重大转变,日本将实质放弃战后坚持多年的和平国家路线,参与全球军事活动。不过在安倍看来,随后还有更重要的目标,就是修订《日本国宪法》。

《日本国宪法》第九条写明:日本永远放弃以国权发动的战争、武力威胁或武力行使作为解决国际争端的手段,不承认国家的交战权。

清华大学当代国际关系研究院副院长刘江永指出,新“安保法”生效,安倍政权已经实质“架空”现行日本宪法。要达到修宪,7月举行的参议院选举,自民党执政联盟须赢得三分之二以上议席。

按照程序,修宪需经日本众参两院三分之二议席以上分别赞成,并在全民公投中获得半数以上支持,方能最终实现。目前自民党已经掌握众议院,以下关键一步就是参议院。

刘江永说,相比于积极支持修宪的极右翼势力,日本大部分民众政治参与热情不高,且易被各政治、经济集团所左右,而所谓全民公投半数支持只是实际投票人数的一半,自民党深耕日本社会数十年,达到这一目标并不难。

对外造势:利用G7峰会“广告”

今年的七国集团(G7)领导人峰会将于5月在日本举行,安倍曾在发表施政演说时宣称,将以举行七国集团峰会为契机,“在国际舞台上彰显日本的领导力”。

刘江永说,七国集团峰会对安倍和自民党来说,是针对新“安保法”的绝佳广告平台,一方面向民众显示安倍政权外交成绩,一方面则可借东海、南海等热点,美化新“安保法”,在回避侵略历史前提下,宣传安倍一直对外宣扬的所谓“积极和平主义”。

有日本媒体称,安倍政府有意将南海问题列入本次峰会讨论议题。2015年的七国集团峰会上,安倍就曾极力推销日本政府在南海、东海问题上的立场主张。

按照新“安保法”,即使日本没有直接受到武力攻击,只要“与日本有密切关系”的他国受到武力进攻,自卫队可以行使武力,地理范围也删去了“日本周边”的限制。专家认为,日本自卫队由此获得了直接介入南海的理据。“不过南海问题与七国集团成员国并无瓜葛,”刘江永说,“与会国家能在多大程度上配合日本‘演出’值得怀疑。”

对内鼓动:以领土争端炒作“话题”

要实施新“安保法”,乃至力推修宪,安倍必须搞定来自国内的怀疑和反对声音。专家认为,安倍为此会继续“翻炒”领土争端这一敏感议题。

刘江永说:“之所以拿领土问题做舆论的撬杠,是因为安倍深刻意识到,对新‘安保法’、修宪等极右翼活动,都可以此造成日本‘被侵犯’的舆论张力,获取民心。”

典型的一个事例就是日本文部科学省最近公布高中教科书审定结果,这种开历史倒车的做法势必引发争议,而来自邻国的舆论批评将继续被安倍政权利用,以争取国内舆论“同情”。

刘江永说,2012年实施所谓“购岛”后,日本政府坚持“两不政策”,既不承认钓鱼岛存在领土争议,也不承认搁置争议的“两不政策”,尔后有计划、有步骤的步步落实。尽管日本政府因此承受了来自邻国的巨大政治、外交压力,但对于安倍拉拢民意却是“有利的”。

“如果论事实论据,无论历史还是国际法,日本的说法都站不住,”刘江永说,“但是在日本政府持续的宣传攻势下,国际舆论和日本民众的认知可能会被日本政府牵着走,届时其他国家维护主权的合法行动反而成为日本政府宣扬右翼思想的话柄。”

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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