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中国核聚变获重大突破 燃烧温度比太阳都高破纪录

2016-12-09 11:41:50   

港媒称,在合肥董铺水库一座伸向水中的安静和风景秀丽的半岛上,物理学家最近创造了一项世界纪录。他们制造出比太阳中心温度还要高的氢等离子体,并且稳定燃烧了1分多钟。

据香港《南华早报》12月8日报道,核聚变研究人员让电离气体稳定燃烧了两次,持续时间和四年前用同一座反应堆创造的纪录一样长,这座科学岛上有中国一些最大型的研究设备。

EAST(先进超导托卡马克实验装置)大科学工程管理委员会副主任罗广南教授说,先前的一些聚变实验持续了100多秒,但它们就像“骑一匹烈马”,难以控制不稳定的等离子体。不过,8月在EAST上进行的实验更像是一次盛装舞步表演,处在被极强电磁场屏蔽的一个环形室中的等离子体被控制在一种高效稳定态H-mode(高约束模式)。

罗广南说:“这是一次具有里程碑意义的事件,它增强了人类利用核聚变能的信心。”

物理学家认为高约束模式是未来核聚变电站的最佳工作状态,而这1分钟的突破在很大程度上要归功于中国政府近年来对聚变研究的大量投资。

虽然仍远远达不到使这项技术商业化所需的持续时间——以几十年而非几分钟计,但科学家说,这项突破显示中国聚变研究的发展速度把其他国家远远落在后面。

报道称,这还会有助于加快政府批准建设世界第一座核聚变电站——拟建的中国聚变工程试验堆(CFETR)——的速度,中国在合肥启动强流氘氚聚变中子源(HINEG),目标是用核聚变技术生成世界最强的中子束。

当两个氢原子核聚合成一个氦原子时就发生聚变,在这个过程中,少量的质量转变成巨大的热量。问题是要能控制这一能量。为解决聚变控制问题,世界各地建立了许多聚变实验装置,在建的最大设施——法国的国际热核聚变实验反应堆(ITER)预计将在2025年点火,产生第一束等离子体。不过,此类设备都相对简单,都不能把聚变能变成电能。

拟建的CFETR将在2030年投入运转,最初的发电量为200兆瓦,在随后10年把发电量提升至1千兆瓦左右,超过大亚湾所有商业裂变反应堆的发电量。

资料图:大亚湾核电站

中科院知名的聚变研究科学家万元熙上月在日本京都召开的一次国际聚变科学会议上说,希望CFETR的建设计划能在未来5年内获得政府批准。

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