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揭秘:神舟十一号返回舱曾“消失”2.7秒

2016-11-22 10:27:41   

李涛:某着陆场站救生回收队通信技师,二级军士长军衔,荣立二等功、三等功各1次。赵启航摄

实干成就梦想

“快反”开舱手

■闫家闻

“扎根草原,追星揽舟。”能从一名地方大学生成长为“载人航天着陆场模范气象台”的一兵,我实现了自己最初的梦想。我坚信,实干才能圆梦,无论前方的路有多艰难,都会脚踏实地奋力前行。

黄沙飞舞,直升机银翼盘旋;草场深处,搜救车队铁流猛进。

“北京,雄鹰报告,目视返回舱!”

“嘭”的一声巨响,一团黄色火光从神舟十一号载人飞船返回舱底部喷出,缓冲发动机点火成功,返回舱稳稳降落在内蒙古主着陆场。

还未等搜救的直升机停稳,一个身着橘红色搜救服的工作人员背起30公斤的装具,跳下直升机,直奔返回舱。他就是“快反”开舱手李涛。

“这是我第11次执行神舟测控回收任务,但仍然像第一次一样兴奋,充满期待。”匆忙说完这话,李涛迅速转入预定回收动作……

相比火箭发射和交会对接,开舱显得简单多了。但其实里头大有学问。返回舱在返回过程中,与大气发生摩擦,外壳产生高温,导致舱内气压和舱外气压不平衡。开舱时,要用特殊工具精准地插入锁孔,通过减压阀平衡舱内外气压。“如果泄压太快,航天员身体一下子适应不了;太慢,就会耽误航天员出舱时间。”

低温严寒、风雨雷电,返回舱倾倒等,都是回收搜救中可能出现的意外情况。为了练就一手过硬的开舱本领,李涛没少吃苦头。他从舱门构造、平衡舱压等多方面入手,反复琢磨,每次都将同一个动作反复练习上千次,有时手经常酸痛得连筷子都拿不起来。

神舟七号返回舱开舱时,由于泄压时操作过快,舱门被内部气压紧紧地吸住,导致开舱时间比预定时间推迟了一分多钟。这让李涛下定决心一定要做到精准判别舱内外气压平衡,无论何种情况下,都要快一秒打开舱门。由于无法模拟高温状态下开舱情景,李涛只好拿高压锅加热后进行模拟开舱泄压训练。通过减压阀泄压时发出的“嘶嘶”气流声,他逐渐学会了用气流声来判断舱压平衡状态。后来,他创造了30秒内打开舱门的纪录。

“这些年模拟开舱门的次数,甚至比我开自己家门次数都多。”熟悉李涛的人都知道,这份完美背后凝聚了他千锤百炼的辛勤和汗水。

神舟四号飞船回收当天,主着陆场遭遇了罕见的暴风雪,气温骤降至零下三十多摄氏度,钢丝绳结冰打滑,严重影响返回舱扶正。协作单位要求在不破坏返回舱外表的情况下,尽早将返回舱吊上列车,运往北京。紧要关头,李涛将棉帽、手套等塞入钢丝绳缝隙,徒手保护返回舱,双手被冻得粘在返回舱上,被硬生生地撕下了一层皮。

神舟五号任务开舱时,航天员杨利伟与李涛一个在舱门里,一个在舱门外,两人联动开舱。由于过于激动,李涛不小心用开舱锤砸到左手食指,鲜血染红了白手套,他却丝毫未发觉,最后还是被医检医保人员提醒才感到痛。

又一次完美回收!直升机搭载着两位航天员渐行渐远。李涛仍忙碌着进行舱门固定等工作,他身着橘红色搜救服、精干如雕像的背影和被烧成青褐色的神舟十一号返回舱舱体,在阳光的照射下,勾勒出一道绝美的画面。

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