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揭秘神舟十一号飞船返航利器:最后关头高度判断

2016-11-22 08:58:56   

11月18日,山西运城航天公园,民众聚集在一起观看神舟十一号飞船着陆直播,并为他们的“城市英雄”景海鹏欢呼呐喊。 中新社记者 闫鑫 摄

终于,在太空生活工作了30天的航天员景海鹏、陈冬安全返回了祖国母亲的怀抱。11月18日,乘着红白相间的巨大伞衣,神舟十一号载人飞船返回舱在四子王旗草原上安全着陆,这是神舟飞船回收着陆系统的第11次出发,创下回收系统最长在轨纪录后,安全返回。

正如公众从电视画面里看到的那样,神舟十一号返回时,引导伞、减速伞、主伞相继打开,着陆反推发动机点火工作,返回舱着陆。这些动作只有一个目的,即让飞船返回舱温柔地拥入地球母亲怀抱,减轻着陆冲击对航天员健康以及航天器的损害。

这并不容易,回收着陆是载人航天活动的最后步骤,也是决定航天员能否安全回家的最后一棒。中国青年报·中青在线记者采访相关专家,揭秘护航神舟十一号飞船安全返回的三大利器。

发现:一双“注视”飞船的眼睛

随着神舟十一号在四子王旗预定区域顺利着陆,LM-313雷达(代号“回收一号”)的回收跟踪测量任务也宣告结束。

“回收一号”雷达用于飞船返回段测量,从载人飞船突破大气层奔向地面的那刻起,“回收一号”就密切“注视”着它,搜索返回路径,捕捉目标,告诉地面等待的人们,神舟十一号回家了。

这部由航天科工集团二院23所研制的雷达,是我国第一部精密跟踪相控阵测量雷达。早在1999年8月,它就被布置在白云鄂博场区前置雷达站,同年11月21日,完成了对“神舟一号”的回收段跟踪测量任务。

至今,“回收一号”已连续11次执行“神舟”飞船回收任务和“和平号”空间站返回测量任务,均圆满完成任务。它还接过“嫦娥”回家,在载人航天工程中,可谓是个“老司机”。

“回收一号”的项目总师向记者透露,尤其是在执行神舟二号任务时,在主着陆场只有“回收一号”跟踪飞船返回的情况下,正是靠它的数据找到飞船,立下了大功。

11月18日中午,神舟十一号载人飞船的着陆回收任务开始了,“回收一号”静静地立在回收场里,目光如炬。

当返回器距地面一定公里时,雷达屏幕上开始出现捕获范围内的第一点。“回收一号”的项目总师说,随着指控大厅工作人员报出“回收一号”发现目标,所有人为之振奋。此后的时间,回波捕获持续、稳定,直到神舟飞船安全着陆。

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