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辽宁舰会像俄航母一样冒黑烟?仅在引擎启动阶段

2016-10-27 14:49:44   

常年的缺乏修理加上早年的“病根”,使得该舰的动力系统状态堪忧。此次出海,不仅烟囱黑烟滚滚,也没有看见航母高速航行的镜头。

在这次出动之前,“库兹涅佐夫”号也宣称即将进入为期两年的大修期,然而……

另一个影响烟雾效果的因素就是燃料的品质。

现代舰艇的燃油发动机为了提高适应性,通常都可以使用多种燃料,从而保障舰艇在战时能获得稳定的燃料供应。这其中又以蒸汽轮机对燃油最为宽容,不仅高标号的航空煤油、普通的柴油,就连重油这种油品不高、杂质不少的油料也可以使用。不过,可以使用不同的燃料不代表使用它们之后的效果都一样,一旦燃油的质量不高,那么排出的废气杂质增多、颜色变黑便是自然的情况。

举例来说,2014年中俄举行“海上联合-2014“联合军事演习时,面对中俄两军同时出动的现代级导弹驱逐舰,就有媒体观察到俄舰的排烟颜色明显要深于中国舰艇,表明俄罗斯海军给蒸汽动力战舰所提供的燃料品质并不理想。

当然,对于库兹涅佐夫号航母的浓重烟尘而言,上述三个原因在航母通过英吉利海峡时共同作用,才让我们仿佛一下子回到了第一次工业革命的时代。

这会是辽宁舰的未来吗?

看到俄罗斯的“库兹涅佐夫”浓烟滚滚,马上就有人想到了我们的辽宁舰。作为“库兹涅佐夫”的姊妹舰,辽宁舰的前身、苏联时期建造的1143.6型重型载机巡洋舰“瓦良格”号使用的是与“库”舰基本相同的动力系统。而且得益于苏联末期造船工艺的改善,“瓦良格“的动力系统从建造伊始就被埋入船体总段内安装,因此当该舰在苏联解体停工时,尽管从外观上看该舰只有一个外壳,动力系统也没有完成安装调试,但包括锅炉和蒸汽轮机在内的动力系统的主体部分都已经安装上舰。

不过“瓦良格”舰被拖到中国时,该舰已经停工10年,且舰上许多设备都经历了洗劫式的破拆——当然,与此前香港小报或者国内地摊军事媒体的渲染不同,这些破拆并非蓄意的系统性破坏甚至阻挠中国的航母计划,而单纯是造船厂内长期被拖欠工资的职工们拆除盗取部分设备以倒卖贵重金属所致。正因如此,很多含有金、银、铂金成分的电子设备元器件在盗窃潮中纷纷被拆毁倒卖,但锅炉和蒸汽轮机却不在此列。这些尺寸庞大的钢铁件位于舰艇最深处,既不便于切割也很难运出来,再加上钢铁并不值钱,因此舰上的破坏基本没有殃及动力系统。

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