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国产大型航发关键部件铸造技术难关攻克 国际先进

2016-10-11 19:27:15   中国航空报

中国航空报10月1日报道,中航工业贵州安吉精铸公司经过近两年不懈努力,攻克了CJ1000商用大涵道比航空发动机的关键部件,高温合金整体机匣的铸造技术。

在国内尚无各种研制技术可借鉴、国外对此技术工艺严密封锁的情况下,中航工业安吉精铸完全依靠自己的生产和技术能力,集智攻关,通过“产、学、研” 合作,充分调动和发挥各类不同岗位干部员工的聪明才智,逆势而上。经过近两年的不懈努力,成功攻克了CJ1000商用大涵道比发动机用高温合金整体机匣铸造难关,攀上了当今国内高温合金精密铸造的技术高峰,填补了国內在大型客机发动机用高温合金整体机匣铸造技术上的空白。

高温合金又称热强合金、耐热合金或超合金,是20世记40年代发展起来的一种新型航空材料,主要用于航空发动机的热端部件,也是航天、能源、化学工业的重要材料。我国在高温合金材料研究和使用上起步较晚,与国外同类行业相比差距较大。从国家战略发展的角度看,加快高温合金材料研究和使用上,缩短与国外同类行业的差距,已是迫在眉睫。同样,开发研制生产中国人自己的大飞机,是新中国几代航空人的梦想,它是一个国家综合实力的象征,几代航空人为此倾注了毕生精力。为之配套的航空发动机则如同人的“心脏”,是飞机最为核心的部分,而由中航工业贵州安吉精铸公司研制的中国商飞C919大型客机发动机所用的高温合金整体机匣则被称为“心脏中的心脏”。这样的钢铁究竟是怎样炼成的?

2011年9月,北京国际航空航天展览会上,展示了中国首款商用航空发动机——“长江”CJ1000A;2012年3月,中国工程院院士冯培德表示,“长江”1000国产发动机预计在“十三五”期间用于可装配。基于上述背景下,2014年3月19日,安吉精铸公司副总经理吴光鹏,高温合金精铸分厂厂长王志勇等代表公司应邀参加了由黎明公司主持召开的“长江”1000商用发动机高温合金大型复杂薄壁涡轮后机匣精密铸件方案论证会,会上听取了来自国内高温合金精密铸造行业技术水平较高的单位提出的不同方式的工艺设计方案。由安吉精铸与上海交通大学合作提出采取机匣主体和锥壁整体精铸成型工艺方案,引起与会专家和学者们的高度关注,采用此种工艺方案能彻底解决铸件加工、装配和使用问题,但增大了铸造难度,国内尚无任何先例,尽管安吉精铸在钛、铝精密整体铸造技术上创造了不少国内第一,也积累了一定的技术经验,但外廓尺寸超过1.3米的复杂薄壁型高温合金精密铸件且采用整体铸造技术在安吉精铸也是始无前例。面对中国商用飞机代表对整体铸造成型的担忧、分体铸造加工后焊接的应力问题;望着专家和学者们的殷切希望,吴光鹏当即立下了要保质保量铸造整体机匣,并按时间节点交付的军令状。

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