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能源局:2015年多进口2500万吨原油 节约5700亿元

2016-06-01 08:58:32   每日经济新闻

在过去的22个月里,我国月度原油进口量一共有7次超过3000万吨,第一次发生在2014年12月。当时,国际油价已经连续下滑了近半年,比当年6月底的价格低了近50%。

正因为如此,虽然2014年12月的进口量比6月份多出700万吨,但原油进口总金额反而比6月份低了50多亿元。

2015年,国际油价虽有所波动,但下滑之势并没有停止。当年初,国际油价还在每桶50美元左右,到12月底,WTI和布伦特原油价格已经双双跌至每桶37美元左右。这一年,中国进口原油3.34亿吨,同比增长了8.8%。也是在这一年,中国原油对外依存度首次超过了60%。

接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访的多位专家纷纷表示,尽管低油价和高进口量会带来输入性通缩风险,但对于中国这样一个原油消费大国来说,十年不遇的低价正是增加进口的时机。

事实也正是如此。自2014年7月份国际油价下跌至今年4月,22个月里中国进口原油总量达到6.16亿吨,超过了去年全年的石油消费量,接近过去3年中国原油产量的总和。

不过,中国石化联合会信息部主任祝昉对《每日经济新闻》记者表示,我国近几年每年的进口量都在3亿吨左右,近两年的进口还算比较平稳。

“价格下跌的时候,谁也说不准还会不会继续跌,所以也谈不上抄底。”祝昉说,“抄底也要计算财务成本,那么大宗的资金,那么大量的原油储存在那里,即使是低价买入了也未必划算。”

地炼、战略储备支撑后期进口

进入2016年,国际油价受到冻产预期支撑,已经从2月份的不足30美元攀升至接近50美元。尽管如此,中国仍然没有放慢原油进口的脚步。

在今年已经公布数据的4个月份里,除了一月份原油进口量略低以外,其他3个月均在3100万吨以上,3月和4月都超过了3250万吨。“目前看我国不会因为油价的回升就减少进口。”刘孟凯认为,即使油价达到了50美元,和两年前相比仍然是比较低的价格。

一位山东地炼的工作人员告诉《每日经济新闻》记者,尽管近期油价有所上涨,但其所在企业去年才拿到原油进口权,短期内不会放慢进口原油的步伐。

目前已经获准进口原油的企业总共获得了7000万吨的年度配额,加上正在申请的部分,今年地方炼油厂可进口量有望超过1亿吨,接近全国总进口量的三分之一。

另一个支撑石油进口的因素是战略石油储备。2014年底,国家统计局首次正式公布了国家石油储备信息,显示国家石油储备一期工程已于2009年完成建设,包括舟山、镇海、大连和黄岛4个国家石油储备基地,总储备库容为1640万立方米,储备原油1243万吨,大约相当于9100万桶,约为9天的消费量。

去年12月,国家统计局网站再次发布信息显示。截至2015年年中,中国共建成8个国家石油储备基地,总储备库容2680万立方米。接下来,还将计划新建4个项目。

5月31日发布的《意见稿》将国家石油储备分为政府储备石油和企业义务储备石油,用来应对突发事件等引起的石油供应中断或者短缺。

国际能源署(IEA)建议其成员国储备相当于90天进口量的石油,据国际咨询机构Energy Aspects估计,如果中国的目标是储备相当于90天进口量的原油,中国的战略石油储备将需要5.4亿至6亿桶原油。

“目前我国的战略石油储备还不到这个数字,未来还需要继续进口。”刘孟凯认为,这将是支撑中国石油进口量的重要力量。

责任编辑:张海潮
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