小寒:腊八喝粥 年味渐浓

2019-01-04 17:24:01    中华网文化

在诸多笔墨游戏中,以“亭前垂柳珍重待春风”最为著名。据清吴振棫所著《养吉斋丛录》记载,此为道光初年御制。内直翰林诸臣,每年冬季都要填写这种“九九消寒图”。先由宫中懋勤殿制成待填描写的消寒图,四周采用木框插榫而成,并裱以纸绫。每年冬至节前挂在室内,届时由室主人从头九第一天开始填起,逐日填廓,每天一笔。每填写完一字,便过一九,句成而九九八十一天尽。

“管城”是毛笔的别称,有笔成春满庭之意。试想古时之人,每天不急不躁,安然落笔,怀抱对世间万物的珍惜怜爱,在寒冬飞雪中耐心等待春风送暖,这是怎样的精致雍容。

小寒节气正值三九严寒,所以“画图数九”的民俗与小寒节气有着密切联系。数九计数,书法描红,既能求得消寒,也算是冬日里一种不错的消遣怡情的养生方法。

腊八喝粥,各地不同

饮食上“小寒”节气中有一重要的民俗就是吃“腊八粥”。《燕京岁时记》中记载:“腊八粥者,用黄米、白米、江米、小米、菱角米、栗子、红豇豆、去皮枣泥等,合水煮熟,外用染红桃仁、杏仁、瓜子、花生、榛穰、松子及白糖、红糖、琐琐葡萄,以作点染。”

小寒:腊八喝粥 年味渐浓

北京的腊八粥可以说是最为讲究的,掺在白米中的东西较多,如红枣、莲子、核桃、栗子、杏仁、松仁、桂圆、葡萄、白果、青丝、玫瑰、红豆、花生……不下20种。人们在腊月初七晚上就开始洗米、泡果、拨皮、去核,半夜时分开始用微火炖,直到第二天清晨才算熬好了。

在陕北高原,熬粥除了用多种米、豆之外,还得加入各种干果、豆腐和肉混合煮成。吃完以后,要将粥抹在门上、灶台上及门外树上,以驱邪避灾,迎接来年的农业大丰收。而且,腊八这天忌吃菜。如果这天吃菜的话,庄稼地里就会杂草多。

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