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与远古对话 云南兴义村全国最大贝丘遗址考古发掘记

2016-11-16 12:01:18   

考古遗址的发现大多出于偶然,兴义村贝丘遗址也不例外。

2015年8月,兴义小学正准备扩建,挖掘机的机械臂正向地底探索时,挖出了一件造型特别的罐子,没多久,罐子下又挖出一截人体骸骨。学校校长当即联系本地文管所,经考察,此地具有文物考古价值。同年9月经国家文物局批准,云南省文物考古研究所考古部主任朱忠华任领队,在此开展考古工作。考古队一行人将学校腾出的旧食堂改装成工作室,安营扎寨,在这个被称为“工地”的考古现场忙碌了14个月。

摆满了器物的工作室并不神秘。门左侧的墙壁搭起了一个陈列架,上下有5层,放着陶片、鱼钩、纺锤、玛瑙石。房间中央一张矮桌充当临时的工作台,桌面用粉笔划分成各个区域,一些等待修复的碎片摆放其中;桌面的另一端,摆放着从墓穴中清理出的人骨。

工作室常有人来参观,考古队特意将发掘出的婴儿人骨摆放在工作台显眼的地方展示,满足来访者的好奇心。考古队会与当地的村民搞好关系,村里婚丧嫁娶,考古队成员都会去,也是希望老乡们支持他们的工作。

出土的器皿

在“滇南贝冢”工作

杨杰钻过盗墓贼的盗洞,刚往里爬了几米,就窜出一条蛇来。他冒着冷汗与蛇对视,以最快的速度向后撤退。

“如释重负。”玉溪市文管所所长杨杰如是评价此次的挖掘工作。他是考古队的一员,从事文物考古工作30余年,资历颇深。

1989年,杨杰参加过一次贝丘类遗址的考古工作,遗址在玉溪通海县海东村。那时,贝丘遗址的发掘是个大麻烦,随着深度的增加,探方四周的螺蛳壳如同流沙一般像中间滑落。由于考古队对贝丘遗址的发掘工作了解不足,开了一个20米长、20米宽的大口子,还没发掘至探方的底层,工作人员便被埋在螺蛳壳堆中进退两难。“算是一次不成功的挖掘。”

如果不能将探方周围的地层固定,在探方内的考古人员就有被滑落下来的螺蛳壳活埋的危险。

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