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与远古对话 云南兴义村全国最大贝丘遗址考古发掘记

2016-11-16 12:01:18   

文物陈列室内,遗址发掘文物修护人员张建军正在专注地修复一只尖底瓶。现场挖掘工作已经结束,大量的文物需要修复 记者 资渔摄

出土的水鹿骨骼

13,14,15。清晰的数字一个接着一个。

20、21……一直到34,才到达眼前这立方体的边界。每一个数字代表不同地质时期的地层,最底层,便是属于远古人类的原始地貌。

云南玉溪通海县兴义村,两个已经清理完成的贝丘遗址,长宽高均为9米左右的探方赫然出现在人们面前。这是考古队奋战14个月的结果。

领队朱忠华沿着10米长的软梯,面对成堆的螺蛳壳向探方的下方爬行时,时常感到眩晕。这层层叠叠的螺蛳堆积,总让人产生一种联想:人们不单跨越着空间上的距离,每向下一步,都似乎在跨越时间。

这正是考古工作者的事业——与手上的文物对话,还原几千年前人们的生活。

“这是一方宝藏”

工作室常有人来参观,考古队特意将发掘出的婴儿人骨摆放在工作台显眼的地方展示,满足来访者的好奇心。

站在探方底层,朱忠华打量着已完工的遗址深坑。探方长9米,宽9米,深8.2至9.2米,四壁被一圈护栏围绕,护栏里罗列着、堆积着、沉淀着大堆白色的螺蛳壳。

若不是亲眼所见,很难想象眼前的这般场景。寻常的房屋建筑之下并非厚实的泥土,而是层层叠叠的螺蛳壳,脚踩在上面,“沙沙”作响。

与其他考古遗址不同,贝丘遗址是指遗迹中包含大量螺蛳等贝类生物的遗址。在国内,只有广西、贵州一带曾出现过,但如此深如此大的探方(考古发掘区),兴义村的贝丘遗址是第一个。

望着这块已被发掘的遗址,朱忠华不自觉地笑了起来。对他来说,这是一方宝藏。

对考古事业而言,这个遗址内发现的遗存,或可对古滇文化的起源研究有所突破,完善商周时期西南地区的文化状况记录;于朱忠华个人而言,遗址内的那些遗存勾起了他强烈的好奇心,那些器型特殊、纹路复杂的文物,是一个有待探索的神秘领域。

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