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与远古对话 云南兴义村全国最大贝丘遗址考古发掘记

2016-11-16 12:01:18   

这一次,杨杰又遇到了贝丘遗址。思前想后,他、朱忠华以及队员们想出一个办法:每发掘成功一块土地,就浇灌玻璃胶来固定,浇灌后再用铁丝网支撑。

这个方法很成功,探方被固定得整整齐齐,毫无滑落迹象。这不仅确保了工作人员的人身安全,还为接下来杞麓湖畔的20多处贝丘遗址做了示范,算是一项创举。

工地上,杨杰穿着深灰色的多兜马甲,趿着一双拖鞋,手里把玩着手串。他肚子里有很多有趣的故事,语调抑扬顿挫,说至情节转折处,他还会把话音稍微停顿一下,仿佛说书一般,很能勾起听者的好奇心。

考古工作者整日和地下的神秘东西打交道,故事俯拾皆是。市面上《鬼吹灯》、《盗墓笔记》等畅销书,更让人们多生出几分遐想:那千百年前的古墓里,到底有没有机关暗器,长了绿毛的僵尸?

杨杰钻过盗墓贼的盗洞。只有一人宽的空间,刚往里爬了几米,就窜出一条蛇来。他冒着冷汗与蛇对视,以最快的速度向后撤退,好在,那次全身而退。

“机关暗器什么的从来没遇到过,但也有几分解释不了的事儿。”杨杰仰着头,眼神飘忽,话音里带上了几分神秘色彩。

朱忠华看过《鬼吹灯》,对于其中的情节不置可否。“倒是很佩服作者的文学水平,拿贝丘遗址举例,作者就可能描写成‘滇南贝冢’,这样一来,当然多了很多神秘的色彩。”

书斋与田野

为了避嫌,考古界有一个约定俗成的规矩——不搞收藏。

与小说的精彩相比,真正的考古发掘工作其实既严谨又枯燥。发掘古迹的过程就像侦探小说中的线索收集。这方面张建军最拿手,他蹲在探方内,工具是一把手铲和一个竹扫帚,寻找着古代的蛛丝马迹。

考古工作者最常用的工具并不是小说中常出现的“洛阳铲”,那把手铲也是朴实无华——棱角分明的菱形边缘,接上一根圆柱形的手柄。张建军拿着手铲,一边挨着土地轻轻地刮,一边仔细观察,从夹杂着土壤的螺蛳壳层里寻找人类活动的痕迹。

一次又一次,重复几百次之后,手铲被泥块土地打磨成了圆润的形状。此时,土地也变成了土坑,也就可以取更深的泥土,坑道深了,取出的样土里可能会有一些陶片、器皿,或是传统上被用来建筑的厚实的夯土。

张建军看样子就像是有耐心的人。头发柔顺地搭在头皮上,眼角向下垂,眼睛圆圆的,嘴角常带笑意。每发现特别之处,眼睛会眯成一条线。他爱看书,虽然野外作业经常在外奔波,但张建军“一半书斋,一半田野”的愿望也能满足。“有工作就去田野调查,没工作就在家里翻翻书。”

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