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清末刺杀成风 揭秘潜入清廷的“余则成”

2016-10-19 15:31:28   北京晚报

提起张绍曾,也是个传奇人物,他的仕途与良弼曾产生交集。良弼曾在满清亲贵中游说,试图以留日的士官生为班底,来抗衡袁世凯的北洋系。而张绍曾与良弼在日本留学时就已结识,良弼推荐张绍曾担任新设的贵胄军事学堂学监。后来张绍曾又出任清军第二十镇统制,与第六镇统制吴禄贞、第二混成协协统蓝天蔚共称为“北洋士官三杰”。三杰中,吴禄贞还和彭家珍是好友。

彭家珍原想让张绍曾扮“土匪”劫取军火后交与他,但他没想到,张绍曾虽然是革命党人,但同时也是君主立宪党首领梁启超的挚友。君宪党人士想要采取兵谏,以武力逼迫清廷立即颁布宪法。梁启超曾密函张让其武力兵谏清廷,张绍曾听从了梁启超建议,在截得军火后,并未将之交给彭家珍,而是指挥士兵哗变并通电清廷,派了一队士兵携带宪章条例送往北京,向清廷上书12条,主张立宪,还政于民。清廷震动,随即镇压了滦州兵变,张绍增被免去统制一职。此后,彭家珍挪用军火物资之事被人举报,因此遭到陆军部全国通缉,仓促之间化装撤离,并易名朋嘉桢,字锡三,奔波于京、津、沪之间,联络各地起义。

士官三杰,北吴南蔡。新三杰以蔡锷为首,老三杰则以吴禄贞为首。从清廷中的“余则成”转化为地下党人的彭家珍,以同盟会京津分会军事部长的身份积极联络直隶和奉天地区的革命党人策划武装起义。彭家珍和好友吴禄贞策划进攻京畿地区,不料吴禄贞被刺杀。这是否也是彭家珍刺杀良弼的一个原因?后人不得而知。

3 京畿成立了暗杀团

1912年1月1日,中华民国临时政府在南京成立。清廷中以袁世凯为首的北洋军势力试图与南方革命党人议和,而以良弼、溥伟、铁良等人为首的满清贵族,则组建了“君主立宪维持会”(宗社党)。“宗社党”强烈反对南北议和,要求准许袁世凯离职,并以军咨使良弼为总揽文武之全权大臣,要求隆裕太后坚持君主政权,并从各处调兵南下镇压革命党。

良弼,字赉臣,满洲镶黄旗人。1899年成为第二批赴日本士官学校学习的留学生,在留学期间就因种族和观念之见与吴禄贞等人结怨成为死对头。1903年,良弼毕业回国后被任命为练兵处监督,负责编练新兵。禁卫军成立后,担任禁卫军第一协统,其在满族亲贵中的身份和地位至关重要。良弼是满清贵族中少有的军事人才,他看不惯那些混吃等死的满清族人,曾试图游说留日士官生一起以军事强国,避免暴力革命。清廷改军制、练新兵、立军学等军事活动,良弼均曾出谋划策。1911年武昌起义爆发后,良弼升任军咨使兼镶白旗都统,成为清廷力战派的代表。

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