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梁实秋译莎翁,是被逼出来的?

2016-04-25 09:01:12   北京晚报

被拉上了翻译之路

1930年,国立青岛大学成立,杨振声任校长,杨拉闻一多、梁实秋等前去任教,闻任文学院长兼中文系主任,梁任外国文学系主任兼图书馆馆长,李云鹤(即江青)、张兆和(沈从文的夫人)曾在他手下任馆员。

在青岛初期,梁实秋记录说:“三日一小宴,五日一大宴,三十斤一坛的花雕搬到席前,罄之而后已……有一次胡适先生路过青岛,看到我们划拳豪饮,吓得把刻有‘戒酒’二字的戒指带上。”胡适这次“路过”改变了梁实秋的命运,因胡适是中英庚款委员会下属的中华文化教育基金会董事,他力主投资翻译《莎士比亚全集》,预算高达5万元,计划5年内完工,许诺给译者最优稿酬。

胡适拟了一个计划,由闻一多任主任,徐志摩译《罗密欧与朱丽叶》,叶公超译《威尼斯商人》,陈源译《皆大欢喜》,闻一多译《哈姆雷特》,梁实秋译《马克白》(一名《麦克白斯》),但计划未实行,甚至连会都没再开。一是徐志摩不久后遇难,二是叶公超想从政,闻一多、陈源太忙,只有梁实秋坚持了下来,因他此前批评鲁迅“硬译”,鲁迅委屈地回应:你自己不译,还要指责别人。

胡适拉了梁实秋一把

“九一八事变”爆发后,青岛大学学生亦投入到罢课请愿运动中,闻一多主张铁腕,开除为首数人,称这是“挥泪斩马谡”,闻、梁因此成了学生们的主要攻击对象,甚至贴出“驱逐不学无术的闻一多”的标语,学生们在黑板上画了一个乌龟和一个兔子,注明“闻一多与梁实秋”。闻一多问梁实秋:“哪个是我?”梁回答:“任你选择。”1932年,因采取“学分淘汰制”,被学生们认为是压制爱国运动,再度发出《驱闻宣言》,梁实秋亦在被驱逐之列,因影响太大,南京国民政府宣布解散该校。杨振声、闻一多先后辞职,学校更名为国立山东大学。

梁实秋处境尴尬,幸胡适伸出援手,拉他去北大,且任“研究教授”,此名目是胡适创意,收入较其他教授高四分之一,授课时间却少,北大另有“名誉教授”,是一种荣衔。某次入学考试阅卷时,有同事故意大声说:“我这个教授是既不名誉亦不研究!”在北大,一些学生对梁实秋用中文讲英国文学课不满,认为不如前任温源宁纯用英语,宣布罢课,梁实秋只好辞职,但胡适力挺梁,称:“鼓动罢班者,一经查实,定行严惩。”帮他渡过难关。

到1936年,梁实秋已译出莎士比亚剧作8种,均陆续出版。

与郭沫若分道扬镳

抗战爆发后,梁实秋不得不中断翻译工作,在重庆,梁负责编辑《中央日报》的副刊《平民》,却写了个奇怪的发刊词,称“不知文坛坐落何处,大将盟主是谁”,向左翼作家挑衅。

在清华时,梁实秋极推崇郭沫若的诗,他的《〈冬夜〉〈草儿〉评论》遭各方围攻,却收到郭沫若来信,称“如在沉黑的夜里得见两颗明星,如在蒸热的炎天得饮两杯清水”。

1922年7月,梁实秋专门去上海拜访创造社,虽对郁达夫生活颓废不满,却撰文帮着创造社打笔仗。1923年夏,梁实秋赴美留学,途经上海,见了郭沫若与成仿吾,当时梁正患病,自称是甲状腺肿,郭沫若学过医,认为是巴西多氏症,到美国后,梁依法施治,果然痊愈。

梁实秋回国后,文艺观剧变,就“普罗文学”与鲁迅争论不断,竟反复引郭的诗作为反证,毫不计昔日情谊,但郭始终不回应,这是梁在发刊词中出语轻佻的原因,因当时郭也在重庆,肯定能看到这些文章,但郭依然沉默。对二人友谊的中断,梁实秋解释为“道不同不相谋”。

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