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四川革命者用水电报传消息 木牌上涂桐油投入江中

2016-03-20 15:07:37   华西都市报

四川古时交通闭塞,信息不灵。然而,蜀中江河横流,是一大优势。岷江、大渡河、沱江、涪江、嘉陵江等,由西向东,形成大大小小的扇形水系,促成了川中的富饶。在四川历史上,除开四川保路运动使用了“水电报”外,还曾经有过利用河流发放的“水电报”的记载。这种奇特的水上联络方式,可谓中外通讯史的创举。

隋唐时期的四川,出现了“邮筒”这样一个名词。这并不是今天我们所常见的街道或邮局门前的那种邮筒,而实际上是那时的一种水上邮件运输工具。隋唐时期的“邮筒”记载,最早见于《隋书》。书中谈到隋军平陈时,因“水陆阻绝,信使不通”,大将史万岁急中生智,想出一个妙法,把告急信放在竹筒中,浮江而下,漂到了主帅杨素那里,战况很快一清二楚了(《隋书·史万岁传》)。这种方法到唐朝时一再被沿用。诗人李白和文学家元稹,在四川游历期间和朋友的通信中,就几次用过这种邮筒传书的方式。 李仕伟“1”读“吆”,“2”读“俩”,“7”读“拐”,“0”读“洞”

译错一个字悲喜两重天

 【电报员】

  我人生的第一份工作,是在市里一家邮电局做报务员

上世纪50年代初的中考后,我成绩不错,本来可以考上更好的学校,但因家贫,我毅然报考了一家邮电中等专业学校。那里吸引我的是,读书全免费,出来就端“铁饭碗”,这在当时也一直是我们这样的青年人不得不面对的现实。

一直觉得,做报务员收发电报体面、新奇,特别是后来看了电影《永不消逝的电波》中地下工作者李侠的神秘形象,深深地吸引着我。学习两年我就毕业了,我小小年纪即走上“反哺家庭”的职业生涯。

当时,我们市局的报房共有1台电传机、6条人工台,全是有线收发报。电传机是联接省局的,国内外所有来电都由它收下,然后再传到地区以外。人工台呢,是联接下面各县局的,每台有一只接收对方来电的小音响和一只发往对方的击发键,键儿有巴掌大,有点儿像订书机,用右手的食指、中指以及大拇指捏着翘起的一头,快速一按,即发出短音“嘀”,按着稍顿一下,即为“嗒”,“嘀嗒”连起来就是1,“嘀嘀嗒”就是2,“嘀嘀嘀嗒嗒”就是3……4个阿拉伯数字一组,可译出一个汉字;当然,我们也有教材,就是身边随时放着一本像字典一样的译码本,可以翻找对应的字。尽可能多地背熟译码,是对每个报务员的起码要求。为了这个,我没少熬夜。

本城收下的电报,有专职送报员按收报人地址及时送达。下面乡村的,我们则用电话传给有关乡镇邮电所,由邮电所译好送达收报人。为更好地分辨字音,话传电报,“1”读“吆”,“2”读“俩”,“7”读“拐”,“0”读“洞”。这当然也是我们这批报务员的基本功。

报务员工作责任大,一个字弄错了,电报就可能送不到,或者人家收到已过期了,再或者电文看不懂,甚至把意思弄反了。

工作中,我们的师傅常讲,说有一户人家收到一份电报,说是“父病亡”,于是一家人携儿带孙千里迢迢抬着花圈哭哭啼啼赶回奔丧,哪知进门看到老人笑嘻嘻地在迎接他们。原来是邮局报务员把人家电文中的“好”,错译成“亡”了,弄得人家哭笑不得。

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