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四川革命者用水电报传消息 木牌上涂桐油投入江中

2016-03-20 15:07:37   华西都市报

上世纪90年代年代,,冻青树街的邮票钱币市场

上世纪90年代年代,,成都红星路上的邮政亭 刘陈平摄

【水电报】

“水电报”是特定历史时期产生的一种急智邮政工具。

在辛亥革命前夕的四川保路运动中,革命者为发动人民武装起义,将成都血案的消息写于木板之上,涂以桐油,投入府南河中,传遍各地,谓之“水电报”。

事情是这样的:1911年是旧历辛亥年。这年5月,满清政府宣布“铁路国有”政策并与英、法、德、美四国银行签订川汉、粤汉铁路借款合同,出卖铁路筑路权。消息传出,激起湘、鄂、粤、川四省人民的保路运动。8月,为响应保路同志会的倡议,成都率先开始罢工、罢市、罢课。街头出现了“四川七千万人同白”的传单,呼吁:全川一律罢市罢课,一切厘税杂捐,概行不纳。

保路风潮的愈演愈烈,引起满清统治者和四川总督赵尔丰的极大不安和恐惧。9月7日,赵尔丰以到总督府看邮传部回电为名诱捕了蒲殿俊、罗纶。并下令枪杀闻讯赶到总督府前来抗议的手无寸铁的请愿群众,一时间,总督府大门和院外枪弹如雨,当场就有30多人倒在血泊中。

“成都血案”发生后,赵尔丰下令成都实行全城戒严,妄图封锁消息,阻止人民群众的反抗斗争。

如何把“成都血案”的消息传出去让城中的同志绞尽脑汁。当晚,中国同盟会成员龙鸣剑趁着夜幕,缒城(由城上缘索而下)而出,奔至锦江河畔的九眼桥农事试验农场,与同盟会成员曹笃、朱国琛等人会合,商量如何将被封锁的真相迅速告知天下、鼓动各州县群众抵抗。

当时危急时刻,又绝对不能用信使。三人还听说,已经有两名信使被抓去杀了头;也不能通过信件、电报。有什么办法能既快又安全呢?龙鸣剑忽然灵机一动,想到一个办法:用木片代替电报、信件,走水路。

鸡还未叫时,几百木牌都已写好,涂上桐油,投入锦江,木片上写着:“赵尔丰先捕蒲、罗,后剿四川,各地同志速起自保自救!”

四川江河纵横,水网密集,这种被称之为“水电报”的木牌乘秋潮水涨,随江水漂流而下。各地接到“水电报”的消息便一传十,十传百;许多人又照样仿造,将更多的“水电报”投入江中,使“成都血案”的消息很快传遍沿江各州县。

当时,大江大河中,一些船工将打捞起来的“水电报”交给当地学校的老师,老师们就印发传单,带领学生到街道上去张贴,鼓励群众武装起义反清。

不久,满清政府下令严禁传播“水电报”,但这一命令激起了四川人民更大的愤恨,“水电报”不但越来越多,而且形式也更加多样。

《荣县志》记载:木牌乘秋潮水涨,随江水漂流而下。人们称这种木牌为“水电报”,实则是“木牌檄文”。

在当时通讯工具全无的状况下,成都“保路同志军”的同志将越来越多的“水电报”投入府河、南河再汇入江河之中,顺流而下,各地“保路同志军”又续制更多同样的木板投入江中顺流而下,这些被人称为“水电报”的木板把保路消息传遍川南、川东各地,更进一步掀起了各地群众揭竿而起的革命形势,终有了1911年10月10日的武昌起义……

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