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民国就业故事:鲁迅曾被借调 文化人合营饭店

2016-02-27 16:05:23   羊城晚报

  2 名家助人就业

名家有时自己就业都很难,尚需别人推荐,可是一旦他们有能力帮助别人时,他们会义不容辞,向求职者伸出援手。据《陪都星云》载:徐悲鸿先生曾在重庆慷慨赠送“两匹马”,扶持青年陈汝言开起了上海杂志公司。

1938年,江苏太仓籍的青年学者陈汝言流亡到山城重庆,他看到沙坪坝高等学府林立,学生上万,却没有一家像样的书店。现有书店,只是经营一些无关抗战甚至趣味低级的读物,便决心开一家好书店经营世界名著等。但是他此时囊中羞涩,经费从何而来呢?当时,支持他开书店的知名教授很多,有胡小石、傅抱石、范存忠、吕天石、陈之佛、柳无忌等,可是他们也都是度日维艰,爱莫能助。这时,著名民主人士李公朴给他出了个点子:“要钱只有找徐悲鸿,他的画是热门,最好卖,‘一匹马’就是五百元。”那时,徐悲鸿以热心社会公益事业著称。抗战以来,他曾屡次将在新加坡、吉隆坡、新德里和昆明、贵阳、重庆等地举办画展的收入全部捐献,救济离乡背井的难民。

陈汝言到江北盘溪石家祠堂找到了徐悲鸿。徐悲鸿听了他的想法,对这位小同乡很是赞同地说:“你想办个出版社,我支持。我虽然不是大富翁,出点钱作开办费还是可以的,不过你要办出自己的特色。沙坪坝是个文化区,知识分子多,应多出版些世界名著和国内的好作品,你回去先找中央大学的一些知名教授做编委,然后来找我拿钱。”不久,陈汝言再访徐悲鸿,听说有八位知名教授担任编委,徐悲鸿便立即拿出一千元交给陈说:“这是‘两匹马’的价钱,给你作开办费。”不久,上海杂志公司便在沙坪坝正式开张,发起人为徐悲鸿,主编是柳无忌、徐仲年。此后,书店果然不负徐望,有系统地翻译出版了一批世界文学名著,深受莘莘学子的欢迎。

另据《羊城撷采》载:鲁迅先生也有过开书店的经历。1927年1月,鲁迅正在中山大学任教,为活跃广州青年的文化生活,他在羊城芳草街四十四号开了一间书店。因为店面不大,卖的都是北新书店的书,所以叫做“北新书屋”。其实,这家书店,鲁迅只是做个“后台老板”,平时都是交给许广平的妹妹许月平料理,从而解决了许月平的就业问题。

  3 名人卖字养家

民国时,就业难吃饭难,真是比比皆是,就连一些名家也时常遭遇无米下锅的尴尬境地。好在他们还有一技之长,有的就以卖字卖文为生。

据《津沽旧事》载:天津有一个很有名气的末代翰林叫高毓浵,书法功底深厚,深受人们喜爱。上世纪20年代时,高毓浵一家寓居上海,就是靠卖字养活一家老小。高毓浵的润例是:楹联及屏幅四尺以内四元,五尺六尺各加一元;堂额每字一尺四元,二尺八元;扇面跨行四元,单行八元;碑志百字十元;篆刻每字一尺八元;题签二元。篆隶金石甲骨加倍。另有文例:散文每篇四元,骈体加倍;诗词题咏每首四元,绝句小令减半。在当时翰林公中,他订的价格并不高。合作的纸店纷纷要求他提价,他不为所动,常常谦虚地说:“论我的字,本不值这么多钱,他们买的只是我的翰林图章。”

高毓浵一家住在上海租界,三楼三底的一套住房,租价相当高,他共有四个子女,上学的学费也不是一笔小数字,包括一家人的吃喝拉撒,全靠他卖字维持。高毓浵每隔四五天就能接到二三十件订单,他要集中一天写完。由其妻子一早用尺寸较大的墨海研墨,这需要一上午。高毓浵午后才开始写字,一直写到深夜,往往要到墨用完为止,因为到次日,隔夜墨就不能用了。这些生意基本能够养家糊口了。每当碰到巨室豪门的寿辰日,他们寿堂都要挂寿屏,每堂需要八至十二条不等,这种生意最挣钱。高毓浵连作带写,大约五六天的功夫,一堂寿屏润笔合计可以收入二三百元,这可是一笔不小的数字。每到这时,高毓浵全家就改善生活,下馆子、看大戏,尽情游乐一番,花费还不到十分之一。

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